{"id":11039,"date":"2019-05-16T17:01:03","date_gmt":"2019-05-16T14:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=11039"},"modified":"2019-05-16T17:01:03","modified_gmt":"2019-05-16T14:01:03","slug":"milli-mucadelenin-parolasi-ya-istiklal-ya-olum-olmustur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2019\/05\/16\/milli-mucadelenin-parolasi-ya-istiklal-ya-olum-olmustur\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMilli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin Parolas\u0131 \u2018Ya \u0130stiklal Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019 Olmu\u015ftur\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Halil SA\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u201c100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Milli M\u00fccadele\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panel, Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck Binas\u0131 Doktora Salonu\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Panelde m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecinde \u0130stanbul ve Anadolu\u2019daki durum ele al\u0131nd\u0131. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Oturum Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc panelin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Mustafa Budak, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden sonra kendili\u011finden \u00e7e\u015fitli yerel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli direni\u015flerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtip, \u00a0\u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, bu b\u00f6lgesel direni\u015flerle i\u015fgalin sona erdirilemeyece\u011fini, b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019y\u0131 kapsayacak birle\u015fik bir cephe m\u00fccadelesiyle i\u015fgalin sona erdirilebilece\u011fi kanaatini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6nderli\u011fini yapan bir tarihi \u015fahsiyettir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Hareket Alan\u0131n\u0131n Olmamas\u0131 Fitili Ate\u015flemi\u015ftir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Panelin ilk konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 olan Marmara \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Can Erdem, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne herhangi bir hareket alan\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finip, \u201cMondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na hareket alan\u0131 b\u0131rakmamas\u0131 Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin fitilini ate\u015flemi\u015ftir. 10 Nisan 1919\u2019da Bo\u011fazyal\u0131n Kaymakam\u0131 Kemal Bey\u2019in \u0130ngilizlerin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine as\u0131lmas\u0131, devam\u0131nda 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019in Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali gibi geli\u015fmeler askeriyeyi rahats\u0131z etmi\u015f ve i\u015fgalcilerle nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele edilece\u011fi askeriye i\u00e7inde konu\u015fulmu\u015ftur\u201d ifadelerine yer verdi.<\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Erdem, \u0130ngilizlerin Anadolu\u2019da asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hususunda Bab-\u0131 Ali\u2019ye bask\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 ve yetenekli komutanlar\u0131n yetkin g\u00f6revlere atan\u0131p Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmesinin g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finden bahsedip, \u201cBu fikir askerlerden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fgalcilere fark ettirmeden h\u00fck\u00fcmete, la\u011fvedilen ordular\u0131n m\u00fcfetti\u015fliklere ba\u011flanmas\u0131 fikrini sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde Bab-\u0131 Ali \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. O d\u00f6nem askerler aras\u0131nda i\u015fgalin nas\u0131l durdurulaca\u011f\u0131 konusu s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6zlerini sarf etti.<\/p>\n

\u201cHarekete Ge\u00e7en Millete B\u00fct\u00fcn Ruhumuzla Kat\u0131ld\u0131k\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm \u0130stiklal Harbi\u2019nin tek bir parola etraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendi\u011finden bahseden Do\u00e7. Dr. Erdem, \u201cMilli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin parolas\u0131, \u2018Ya istiklal ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019 olmu\u015ftur ve t\u00fcm uygulamalarda bunu g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. T\u00fcm birlikleri ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131 cepheye g\u00f6nderilmesini buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz, buradan da bunu g\u00f6rebiliriz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Erdem, Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 temel ilke bulundu\u011funu dile getirip, \u201cVahdet-i milliye, irade-i miliiye ve hakimiyeti-i milliye ilkelerini Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019de g\u00f6rmekteyiz. \u00d6ncelikle milletin birli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra milletin iradesi ortaya konmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve nihayetinde milletin hakimiyeti ilan edilmi\u015ftir\u201d ifadelerine yer verdi.<\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Mustafa Kemal\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi bir s\u00f6zle tamamlayan Do\u00e7. Dr. Erdem, \u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa Ekim 1919\u2019da, \u2018E\u011fer bu memleket y\u0131k\u0131lacak olursa, bu y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda herkesin \u015ferefi parampar\u00e7a olur. Biz, o \u015ferefi kurtarmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7en millete b\u00fct\u00fcn ruhumuzla kat\u0131ld\u0131k. Kat\u0131lmam\u0131za engel olacak r\u00fctbe, mevki, makamlar\u0131 elimizin tersiyle ittik\u2019 diyor. Bu s\u00f6z, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi tarih ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizler Dize Getiremeyeceklerini Biliyordu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Panelin ikinci konu\u015fmac\u0131s\u0131 olan Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Murat Aydo\u011fdu, \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki sivil kanat ile askeri kanad\u0131n olaylara farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edip, \u201cBu d\u00f6nemde herkes devletin ve milletin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlerin hak edilmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki herkes \u00fclkeyi kurtarmak istiyordu ama farkl\u0131la\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenin ne olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Damat Ferit Pala h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde May\u0131s 1920\u2019de Sevr metni haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ba\u015f\u0131nda Ahmet Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir heyet metni teslim almaya gitti. Ancak yetkisi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen metni imzalamad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir millet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fiyordu metin\u201d s\u00f6zlerini sarf etti.<\/p>\n

M\u00fccadele Sevr\u2019in Uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 Engelledi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Aydo\u011fdu, \u201cSevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131 olu\u015fturulduktan sonra Tevfik Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. Tevfik Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulduktan sonra \u0130ngilizler, Ankara ile bir uzla\u015fma yoluna gitmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nem Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni silahla dize getirmenin o an i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bu nedenle Tevfik Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Anadolu\u2019ya bir heyet g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Burada \u0130ngilizlerin amac\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kabul ettirmektir. Ancak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eunu da belirtmek gerekir ki, \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi Anadolu\u2019daki m\u00fccadeleye destek vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ziya Pa\u015fa Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019daki silahlar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6zlerine yer verdi.<\/p>\n

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Aydo\u011fdu, \u201c\u015eayet Anadolu\u2019da bir m\u00fccadele olmasayd\u0131 Sevr uygulanacakt\u0131. Sevr metininin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki tek engel Anadolu\u2019daki m\u00fccadele olmu\u015ftur. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki son Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de t\u00fcm politikalar\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki direni\u015fe endekslemi\u015ftir\u201d ifadelerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

Panel soru cevap k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Prof. Dr. Budak\u2019\u0131n Do\u00e7. Dr. Erdem ve Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Aydo\u011fdu\u2019ya kat\u0131l\u0131m belgelerini vermesiyle son buldu.<\/p>\n