{"id":14266,"date":"2020-04-01T17:27:28","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T14:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=14266"},"modified":"2020-04-01T17:31:22","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T14:31:22","slug":"veba-salginlari-karantinanin-kurumlasmasinda-onemli-rol-oynadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2020\/04\/01\/veba-salginlari-karantinanin-kurumlasmasinda-onemli-rol-oynadi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cVeba Salg\u0131nlar\u0131 Karantinan\u0131n Kurumla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00d6nemli Rol Oynad\u0131\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tu\u011f\u00e7e AY\u00c7\u0130N<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan yeni koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 (COVID-19), bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nlemleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. \u00dclke genelinde ya da b\u00f6lgesel olarak hayata ge\u00e7irilen karantina uygulamalar\u0131 ise koronavir\u00fcs pandemisi s\u00fcrecinde en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan konulardan birisi oldu. Peki karantina nedir? Nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Bilgi ve Belge Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ar\u015fivcilik Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. G\u00fclden Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, karantina uygulamas\u0131 ve tarihte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen karantina \u00f6nlemleri hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu.<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak d\u00fcnya geneline yay\u0131lan ve 500 binden fazla insan\u0131n enfekte olmas\u0131na, 20 binden fazla insan\u0131n ise hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7an yeni koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131; milyonlarca insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeye devam ediyor. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde seyreden bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve can kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmas\u0131 ise \u00fclkeleri \u00fcst d\u00fczey \u00f6nlemler almaya sevk ediyor. Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn daha fazla yay\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olmak i\u00e7in uygulanan karantina \u00f6nlemleri ile \u0130talya, \u0130ngiltere, Almanya gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Karantinan\u0131n bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in al\u0131nan bir sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nlemi oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. G\u00fclden Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, karantina \u00f6nlemi ile belli bir b\u00f6lgenin veya yerin kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulup g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Karantina uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirtilerinin g\u00f6zlemlenmedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hen\u00fcz hasta olmayan fakat enfeksiyon etkenine maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve hasta olma ihtimali bulunan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, bu ki\u015filerin, etkenin kulu\u00e7ka d\u00f6nemi kadar s\u00fcreyle belirli bir b\u00f6lgede ayr\u0131 olarak tutuldu\u011funu ve hareketlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Erken Tecrit Uygulamalar\u0131 M. \u00d6. 7. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti <\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karantinan\u0131n uygulama alanlar\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, epidemi ve pandemi olarak salg\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilen bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan herhangi birinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerin karantinan\u0131n uygulama alanlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu kaydederek \u015fu ifadelere yer verdi: \u201cBula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan sak\u0131nma ve tecrit fikri \u00fc\u00e7 sem\u00e2v\u00ee dinde de ortak kabul g\u00f6ren bir durum olmakla birlikte, en erken tecrit uygulamalar\u0131 M.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda c\u00fczzaml\u0131lar i\u00e7in Metz, Verdun ve Maastricht \u015fehirlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Basit bir tecritten sistemli bir kuruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen karantina yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; \u00f6zellikle veba salg\u0131nlar\u0131, karantinan\u0131n kurumla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Karantina Kurulu\u015flar\u0131<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde karantinan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak \u201cusul-\u0131 tahaffuz\u201d, karantina yerleri i\u00e7in de \u201ckarantinahane\u201d veya \u201ctahaffuzhane\u201d terimlerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, karantinah\u00e2nelerin, bir limana yana\u015fan geminin ve yolcular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131hh\u00ee durumunun kontrol edilmesinden ve gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sorumlu kurulu\u015flar oldu\u011funu belirtti. Kara yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulan kara karantinah\u00e2nelerin de ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki s\u0131n\u0131r hatlar\u0131na yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcccarlar ile yolcular\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z \u015fu \u015fekilde konu\u015ftu: \u201cTahaffuzh\u00e2neler ise karantinah\u00e2nelerden farkl\u0131 olarak karantina bekleyenlerin ya da hastalar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, kimyasallarla dezenfeksiyon i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdir. Bu alanlar, bir \u015fehir ve b\u00f6lgeye salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 veya buradan ba\u015fka yerlere yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015ftur. \u015eehrin giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, \u015fehre ula\u015fan yollar\u0131n \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgeye giri\u015f yapacak olanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 belirli bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r. G\u00f6zlem s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan muayenelerle hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanma ihtimali olanlar, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 halktan ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131konulup, tedavi edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kullan\u0131lan Bir Karantinahane<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Modern Karantina Uygulamalar\u0131na Ge\u00e7ildi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Do\u011fu Akdeniz limanlar\u0131nda karantina tedbirlerinin al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, bu \u00f6nlemin daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde karayolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131na da s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131 ve ilk karantina noktalar\u0131n\u0131n 1377\u2019de Dubrovnik ile Venedik\u2019te te\u015fkil etti\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi. Karantinahane\/tahaffuzh\u00e2nelerin ilkinin 1423 y\u0131l\u0131nda vebaya kar\u015f\u0131 kuruldu\u011funu kaydeden Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ilkinin deniz yoluyla gelen gemilerin bekletildi\u011fi ve k\u0131rk g\u00fcn tecrit edildi\u011fi Venedik Santa Maria di Nazareth adas\u0131nda, ikincisinin 1467 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cenova\u2019da; ilk kara tahaffuzh\u00e2nesinin de 1488\u2019de \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Lombardiya b\u00f6lgesindeki Milano\u2019da kuruldu\u011funu vurgulayarak s\u00f6zlerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201cBula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 uygulamaya konulan ilk tedbirler, kordon usul\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 ve tahaffuzhanelerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kordon usul\u00fc uygulamas\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekti. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ev, hastane, k\u0131\u015fla ve yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe duyulan b\u00fct\u00fcn vakalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler kordon alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Bekletme ve g\u00f6zlemlemenin yan\u0131nda, dezenfeksiyon, t\u0131bb\u00ee muayene ve tedaviyi de kapsayan modern karantina uygulamalar\u0131 ancak t\u0131p biliminin geli\u015fimi ile 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u201d
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131z Kulesi Vebal\u0131 Hastalar \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130fadelerine Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki ilk karantina uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunarak devam eden Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ilk ge\u00e7ici karantina,1831 y\u0131l\u0131nda kolera pandemisinin \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Sultan II. Mahmud\u2019un emriyle Karadeniz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelecek gemilere Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019nde, 1835\u2019te de Akdeniz \u00e7evresinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren kolera sebebiyle \u00c7anakkale\u2019de tatbik edildi. Karantina uygulamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda e\u015fya ve mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n dezenfekte edilmesi, \u00f6l\u00fclerin muayenesi ve g\u00f6m\u00fclmelerine ili\u015fkin kurallar da bulunuyordu. K\u0131zkulesi de bir s\u00fcre vebal\u0131 hastalar i\u00e7in hastane olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Galata\u2019da Karantina Meclisi kuruldu ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 sahillerinde karantina ve tahaffuzhaneler olu\u015fturuldu. 1838-1842 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kuleli K\u0131\u015flas\u0131 tahaffuzhane olarak hizmet verdi. Hac mevsimlerinde Hicaz\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan salg\u0131nlarla ilgili tedbirler almak ve hac\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere Hicaz S\u0131hhiye Meclisi kuruldu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131nda; dezenfeksiyon istasyonlar\u0131, kolera hastaneleri ve tecrit binalar\u0131 bulunduran Kamaran, Ebu Said, Beyrut, Klazomen (Urla), Kale-i Sultaniye, Anadolu Kava\u011f\u0131, Sinop, Teb\u00fck gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli tahaffuzhaneler kuruldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u201cBu tahaffuzhaneler, insan, hayvan ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan gemilerin, trenlerin y\u00fcklerinin dezenfekte edildi\u011fi, yolcular\u0131n\u0131n tecrit edilerek g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u00f6nemli kurumlard\u0131\u201d diyerek s\u00f6zlerini tamamlad\u0131.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan yeni koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 (COVID-19), bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nlemleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. \u00dclke genelinde ya da b\u00f6lgesel olarak hayata ge\u00e7irilen karantina uygulamalar\u0131 ise koronavir\u00fcs pandemisi s\u00fcrecinde en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan konulardan birisi oldu. Peki karantina nedir? Nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Bilgi ve Belge Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ar\u015fivcilik Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. G\u00fclden Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z, karantina uygulamas\u0131 ve tarihte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen karantina \u00f6nlemleri hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":14267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[1378,1379,1383,1380,1381,1382],"class_list":["post-14266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-karantina","tag-karantinahane","tag-karantinanin-tarihi","tag-osmanli-devleti-karantina","tag-prof-dr-gulden-sariyildiz","tag-tarihte-karantina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14266"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14266\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}