{"id":14503,"date":"2021-01-22T22:42:24","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T19:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=14503"},"modified":"2021-01-22T22:42:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T19:42:27","slug":"turk-kadinlari-cagdaslarinin-otesinde-haklara-sahipti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2021\/01\/22\/turk-kadinlari-cagdaslarinin-otesinde-haklara-sahipti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cT\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6tesinde Haklara Sahipti\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Haber: Mahmut Enes A\u011eCA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Kad\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan Dr. \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi H\u00fclya Semiz T\u00fcrko\u011flu moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenen G\u00fcz Webinar Serisi\u2019nin kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ni\u011fde \u00d6mer Halisdemir \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Feyzan G\u00f6her, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Kad\u0131n konulu kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde kad\u0131n konusunun, T\u00fcrk tarihi kadar derin, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr co\u011frafyas\u0131 kadar geni\u015f bir konu oldu\u011funu ifade eden Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cOrta Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda \u015fekillenen T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n kimli\u011finden tutun Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131da kad\u0131n\u0131n konumu, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile kazan\u0131lan haklardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kad\u0131n\u0131n konumuna de\u011fin olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir yelpazede ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir konu oldu\u011funu\u201d belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrk Toplumlar\u0131nda Kad\u0131n\u0131n Sayg\u0131n Bir Konumu Vard\u0131r&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7o\u011fu medeniyet gibi ataerkil yap\u0131s\u0131yla bilindi\u011fini aktaran Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201c\u00d6zkul \u00c7obano\u011flu gibi bilim insanlar\u0131, ma\u011fara duvar resimleri ve devam eden k\u00fcltleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan etnogenezin en eski formunun anaerkil bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu ve devam\u0131nda bunun de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irerek nadir bulunan bir kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler\u201d dedi.<br>\u201cT\u00fcrklerde temelde bir ataerkil yap\u0131 g\u00f6rmekle birlikte, ilk ba\u015flardaki ataerkillik iddialar\u0131n\u0131 akl\u0131m\u0131zda bulundurmam\u0131z gerekiyor. T\u00fcrklerdeki ataerkillik, peder\u015fahi yerine pederi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcrdendir. Yani \u0130ran ya da Roma medeniyetinde oldu\u011fu gibi erke\u011fin mutlak bir hakimiyeti s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir\u201d \u015feklinde s\u00f6zlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, eski T\u00fcrk medeniyetinde kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli haklar\u0131, toplum i\u00e7inde sayg\u0131n bir konumu oldu\u011funu dile getirirken, \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda defalarca zikredildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Ka\u011fan\u0131n sava\u015fta olmas\u0131 gibi durumlarda s\u0131k s\u0131k katunlar, yani hatunlar\u0131n devletin idaresini \u00fczerlerine ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. Buradaki y\u00f6netimi bi\u00e7iminin perde arkas\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; hukukla, kanunla ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde kad\u0131n\u0131n idaresi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk toplumundaki kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunun yaln\u0131zca hatunlar ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cT\u0131pk\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hatunun ya da ka\u011fan\u0131n annesinin devleti idare etme hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131da kad\u0131nlar, aile reisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda evin ve hizmetkarlar\u0131n idaresini \u00fczerine ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yledi. Aile oca\u011f\u0131nda, i\u00e7 g\u00f6revi y\u00fcr\u00fcten kad\u0131n, oca\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 olan erke\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olmakla birlikte, hak ve yetkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u015fit \u00f6zelliklere sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6tesinde Haklara Sahipti\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk tarihinde, kad\u0131n\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7in, Hindistan veya Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tersine kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.\u201d Tespitinde bulunan Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cYak\u0131n d\u00f6neme de\u011fin Arap toplumlar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n haklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek dahi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bir erkek istedi\u011fi kadar kad\u0131nla evlenebilir. Roma d\u00f6neminde de erkek, e\u015fini istedi\u011fi zaman \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir, satabilir, istedi\u011fi zaman bo\u015fayabilir. Hintlilerde kad\u0131n evlendi\u011finde vesayeti kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine olurdu. Kocas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde o\u011fullar\u0131 veya erkek karde\u015fleri vesayeti \u00fcstlenmedi\u011fi durumlarda kad\u0131n da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek kocas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde ise b\u0131rak\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortada kalmay\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n kendisinin bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle T\u00fcrk toplumundaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f medeniyetlerdeki kad\u0131nlardan \u00e7ok ileri seviyede hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere sahip oldu\u011funa de\u011findi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cBo\u015fanabilme T\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar\u0131na \u00d6zg\u00fc Bir Ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde, ailede \u00f6l\u00fcm ve bo\u015fanma durumlar\u0131nda geride kalan ya da ayr\u0131lan kad\u0131n, tekrar evlenebilmekteydi. B\u00f6yle durumlarda hem erke\u011fin hem de kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yeni aileye dahil olmaktayd\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cBo\u015fanabilme, T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olduk\u00e7a normal gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. S\u0131k yap\u0131lan hatalardan biri anakronizm hatas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmektir. Yani, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de\u011ferlendirmek\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Modaya Y\u00f6n Verirdi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n giymi\u015f oldu\u011fu elbiseler, o d\u00f6nem farkl\u0131 toplumlarda moda haline geldi\u011fini ifade eden Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, Hazar Prensesi \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u2019in VII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Bizans saray\u0131nda giydi\u011fi T\u00fcrk tipi elbisenin moda ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, benzer bi\u00e7imde Uygur kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131yafetleri \u00c7in\u2019de taklit edildi\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cArp, T\u00fcrklerde kad\u0131nla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7alg\u0131lardan bir tanesidir. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki minyat\u00fcrlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da yine \u00e7engin kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan icra edildi\u011fini, Sel\u00e7uklu seramiklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da yine \u00e7engin kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan icra edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Sel\u00e7uklularda erke\u011fin, kad\u0131na serenat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu d\u00f6nemde di\u011fer medeniyetlerde kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 dahi yer alm\u0131yor\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131 Uygur d\u00f6neminde, askeri m\u00fczik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 m\u00fczik t\u00fcrleri ve m\u00fczik gruplar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bunlar, kendi i\u00e7lerinde halka konserler verdi\u011fi gibi, \u00c7in ve \u0130ran\u2019 a da giderek konserler sunmu\u015ftur. Dinleyicilerin \u00e7ok e\u011flendi\u011fi, ruhlara ve g\u00f6n\u00fcllere ferahl\u0131k verdi\u011fi, temsillerde kad\u0131n ve erkek sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir arada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yine \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygurlarda da tek e\u015flili\u011fe \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f, gayri me\u015fru ili\u015fkiler ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta bu durum Turfan harabelerinde bulunan bir Uygur t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fcnde de dile getiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan di\u011fer medeniyetlere olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 geldi\u011fini aktaran Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u0130bn-i Fadlan\u2019\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle aktard\u0131: \u201cAbbasi halifesi taraf\u0131ndan itil Bulgar Han\u0131 \u0130lteber Alm\u0131\u015f Han\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen heyet i\u00e7erisinde \u0130bn-i Fadlan da yer al\u0131yor. Bu heyeti kabul ederken h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yan\u0131nda e\u015finin de yer almas\u0131, \u0130bn-i Fadlan\u2019aa \u00e7ok garip geliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey s\u00f6z konusu dahi olamaz. Hatunun, hakan\u0131n yan\u0131nda oturdu\u011funu, hediyelerin hatuna da sunuldu\u011funu ve halk\u0131n huzurunda hatuna hilat giydirildi\u011fini hayret i\u00e7erisinde ve garipseyerek anlat\u0131yor. Oysaki bu T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r devam eden bir durum. Cesareti, asaleti ve zekas\u0131yla kazan hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sayg\u0131yla an\u0131lan S\u00fcnd\u00fcke, Uygur Sultan\u0131 \u0130par Dil\u015fad Hatun, zorlu Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131nda memlukleri y\u00f6neten \u015eecer\u00fcdd\u00fcr, devlet idare ediyor. Kutluk T\u00fcrk devletini y\u00f6neten T\u00fcrkan hatun, Delhi T\u00fcrk devletini y\u00f6neten Raziye Beg\u00fcm Sultan, tarihe adlar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n sultanlar aras\u0131nda.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrk T\u00f6resine G\u00f6re Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u0130tilip Kak\u0131lmas\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcn De\u011fildir\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cT\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131 tarihte asalet, mertlik, cesaret, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, zek\u00e2, g\u00fczellik \u00f6zellikleriyle an\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunun T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131na da yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Destanlar do\u011frudan bir tarihi belge olarak kabul edilmezler. Ancak, ait olduklar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait bir\u00e7ok ipucu bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Hem T\u00fcrk tarihinde hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda destanlar\u0131 dolayl\u0131 belgeler olarak kabul ederiz. \u0130\u00e7lerindeki do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 eleyerek, g\u00f6\u00e7ler, sava\u015flar, toplumsal yap\u0131 gibi konularda, biz destanlara dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d ifadelerini kullanan Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cT\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131na verilen \u00f6nemin, onun sosyal konumunu g\u00f6steren pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekle doludur. Kad\u0131na kutsall\u0131k katan T\u00fcrk t\u00f6resine g\u00f6re, d\u00f6v\u00fclmesi, horlanmas\u0131 veya itilip kak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u201d ifadesinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n daima erke\u011fin yan\u0131nda, onlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, \u201cKahraman\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fan, iyi atan binen, iyi sava\u015fan kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrlerine T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrk hikayelerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla rastl\u0131yoruz. Dede korkut hik\u00e2yelerinde yer alan Bams\u0131 Beyrek\u2019teki Banu \u00c7i\u00e7ek bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Kara K\u0131rg\u0131zlardan derlenen manas varyant\u0131nda kad\u0131n evin koruyucusu olarak ifade ediliyor. T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131nda kahramanlar\u0131n hata yapt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hep T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ve destanlarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn dinlenmedi\u011fi yerde kahramanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na hep k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler gelmi\u015ftir. Burada da t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde destanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuyun, diyor ki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn dinlenmedi\u011fi yerde kahramanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler gelmi\u015ftir. Gerek battal gazi gerekse manas, K\u00f6ro\u011flu gibi destanlarda erkek gibi silah kullanan g\u00fcre\u015fen kad\u0131nlara rastl\u0131yoruz\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, T\u00fcrk m\u00fczik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki kad\u0131n kamlara de\u011finen Prof. Dr. G\u00f6her, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlayarak konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Kad\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan Dr. \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi H\u00fclya Semiz T\u00fcrko\u011flu moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenen G\u00fcz Webinar Serisi\u2019nin kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ni\u011fde \u00d6mer Halisdemir \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Feyzan G\u00f6her, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Kad\u0131n konulu kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":14504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[1451,1449,1450],"class_list":["post-14503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-universite","tag-feyzan-goher","tag-kadin-calismalari","tag-kadin-calismalari-webinar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}