{"id":14677,"date":"2021-02-18T00:05:32","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T21:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=14677"},"modified":"2021-03-15T10:59:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T07:59:00","slug":"hababamdan-arabeske-sinifsiz-toplumun-gulutleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2021\/02\/18\/hababamdan-arabeske-sinifsiz-toplumun-gulutleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Hababam\u2019dan Arabesk\u2019e S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z Toplumun G\u00fcl\u00fctleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Prof. Dr. Murat \u0130ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130ti\u015fip kak\u0131\u015fmaya, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalkmaya, grup halinde ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n sonunda denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine, havada u\u00e7u\u015fan pasta ve dondurmalara, \u0131slanmaya k\u0131saca fiziksel eylemlere dayanan g\u00fcl\u00fctlerin (gag) yerini ta\u015flamalara dayal\u0131, sadece kahkahay\u0131 de\u011fil bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeyi de ama\u00e7 edinen g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fclerin almas\u0131 1920\u2019ler Hollywood sinemas\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r.&nbsp; Sirk g\u00f6sterilerinden esinlenen, harekete ve g\u00f6rselli\u011fe dayanan kaba g\u00fcl\u00fctlere \u201cslapstick\u201d denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, durum g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcleri de do\u011far. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir durumla ilgili olarak yarat\u0131lan bu g\u00fcl\u00fctlerin ustas\u0131 Mack Sennett\u2019in filmlerini Frans\u0131zlar ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fcc\u00fc, \u201cavangard\u201d bulur. Ancak siyahlarla ya da Yahudilerle ilgili g\u00fcl\u00fctlerde, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lara dayal\u0131 tutumlar da sergiler Sennett. &nbsp;Bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeyi ama\u00e7 edinen g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcler ise, durum g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fclerinin geli\u015fmesi ve \u00f6ncelikle kaba \u015fakalar\u0131n yerlerini daha kibar olanlara b\u0131rakmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu filmler, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimseyip g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131na uzan\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla, de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131yla, kurumlarla, toplumsal konumlarla ilgili \u015fakalara yer veri\u015fleriyle \u00f6teki g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fclerden farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Charlie Chaplin g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc bir ama\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, onu ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Filmleri 1920\u2019lerde ahlak bozucu olarak tan\u0131mlansa da Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isim ile \u015earlo g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcye sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk sinemas\u0131nda g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00f6netmeni denince akla gelen ilk isim S\u00fcleyman Ertem E\u011filmez, 18 \u015eubat 1929\u2019da Trabzon\u2019da do\u011fdu. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ni bitirdikten sonra babas\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi para ile bakkal d\u00fckkan\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda sinemaya ge\u00e7ti. 1964\u2019te Arzu Film \u015firketini kurdu.&nbsp; \u201cArzu Film g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcleri\u201d olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan, bazen toplum ele\u015ftirisine de yer verdi\u011fi duygusal g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fclerin y\u00f6netmeni olsa da asl\u0131nda 1965\u2019ten 1972\u2019ye kadar hi\u00e7 g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc filmi yapmad\u0131. Hatta ad\u0131 \u201ca\u015fk filmlerinin \u00fcnl\u00fc y\u00f6netmeni\u201dne bile \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u0131fat Ilgaz\u2019\u0131n Hababam S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131 1975\u2019ten itibaren be\u015f kez sinemaya uyarlad\u0131. 1979\u2019da g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcye yeni bir kahraman ve y\u0131ld\u0131z-oyuncu tan\u0131tt\u0131, Erkek G\u00fczeli Sefil Bilo (ve 1980\u2019de Banker Bilo) olarak \u0130lyas Salman\u2026 Y\u00f6netti\u011fi S\u00fct Karde\u015fler (1976) ve \u015eabano\u011flu \u015eaban (1977) filmleriyle Kemal Sunal\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc taht\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Namuslu (1984) ve A\u015f\u0131k Oldum (1985) filmleriyle de \u015eener \u015een\u2019in g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc niteliklerinin iyice belirginle\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, \u201cekip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendi yap\u0131m \u015firketine kalabal\u0131k bir oyuncu kadrosunu \u201cba\u011flayarak\u201d Ye\u015fil\u00e7am\u2019\u0131n emperyalist g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sinema emek\u00e7ilerinin u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sendikala\u015fma, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, sans\u00fcre kar\u015f\u0131 durma gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc faaliyetlere hi\u00e7 destek vermedi. Filmlerinin sorunsal\u0131, g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6gesinden hareket edip bir sorunun ele\u015ftirisinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131yd\u0131. &nbsp;Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, sorunsal, sorunun g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn dozunu artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in motif ve mekanlar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmesiydi. Mizah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, E\u011filmez ekibinde yeti\u015fen Kartal Tibet, Yavuz Turgul, ve Zeki Alasya filmleri ile T\u00fcrk Sinemas\u0131\u2019na damga vurdu. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i jakobenizmin s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z toplum yaratma ideali, (\u00f6zellikle Hababam S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131) filmlerinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ya da \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak yeniden \u00fcretilip onayland\u0131. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ta\u015flama olarak Arabesk (1988) ile gi\u015fede b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 kazand\u0131. &nbsp;\u00d6z-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcmsel (self-reflexive), yani kendi \u00fczerine anlat\u0131 geli\u015ftiren, kendisine g\u00f6nderme yapabilme niteli\u011fi olan bu filmde y\u00f6netmen kendini, pop\u00fcler t\u00fcr ve kli\u015feleri bildik E\u011filmez mizah\u0131 ile g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi. Bir d\u00f6nem a\u011flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fark\u0131larla bu kez g\u00fcld\u00fcrd\u00fc, arabeskin kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 kaz\u0131yarak pop k\u00fclt\u00fcr ele\u015ftirisi yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ye\u015fil\u00e7am ve arabesk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn melodramatik kodlar\u0131n\u0131 ters y\u00fcz ederek, yeri geldi\u011finde de Hollywood\u2019a g\u00f6ndermelerle g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcye nihayet s\u0131n\u0131f atlatt\u0131. Ki\u015fisel itiraf etme erdemi g\u00f6sterisi olarak da okunabilecek filmden sonra y\u00f6netmenli\u011fi b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fsizlere, \u00e7ocuklara, alt tabakalardan insanlara seslendi\u011fi ilk g\u00fcnlerden ba\u015flayarak sineman\u0131n, g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcye kucak a\u00e7mas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. Seyirci \u00f6dedi\u011fi para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ho\u015f\u00e7a vakit ge\u00e7irmek, g\u00fcl\u00fcp e\u011flenmek istiyordu. Yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, kar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcler, en \u00e7ok seyirci \u00e7eken t\u00fcr olarak ulusal sinemalar\u0131n vazge\u00e7emedi\u011fi filmsel anlat\u0131lar oldular, \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131lar. &nbsp;Recep \u0130vedik serileri, D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Dernek filmleri, Eyvah Eyvah\u2019lar E\u011filmez\u2019in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolda hi\u00e7 durmadan y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek \u00fclkemizde en \u00e7ok izlenen filmler haline geldiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abisel, N. (2003). <strong>Sessiz Sinema<\/strong>. Om Yay\u0131nevi: \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scognamillo. G. (1998). <strong>T\u00fcrk Sinema Tarihi<\/strong>. Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi: \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Murat \u0130ri \u0130ti\u015fip kak\u0131\u015fmaya, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalkmaya, grup halinde ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n sonunda denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine, havada u\u00e7u\u015fan pasta ve dondurmalara, \u0131slanmaya k\u0131saca fiziksel eylemlere dayanan g\u00fcl\u00fctlerin (gag) yerini ta\u015flamalara dayal\u0131, sadece kahkahay\u0131 de\u011fil bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeyi de ama\u00e7 edinen g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fclerin almas\u0131 1920\u2019ler Hollywood sinemas\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r.&nbsp; Sirk g\u00f6sterilerinden esinlenen, harekete ve g\u00f6rselli\u011fe dayanan kaba g\u00fcl\u00fctlere [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":14678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1515,35],"tags":[1496,1495,1497,1498],"class_list":["post-14677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","category-yasam","tag-ertem-egilmez","tag-gulduru","tag-hababam-sinifi","tag-murat-iri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14677"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14677\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}