{"id":15612,"date":"2021-10-27T15:43:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T12:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=15612"},"modified":"2021-10-27T15:45:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T12:45:22","slug":"100-yil-donumunde-ankara-itilafnamesi-ve-turk-fransiz-iliskileri-paneli-gerceklestirildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2021\/10\/27\/100-yil-donumunde-ankara-itilafnamesi-ve-turk-fransiz-iliskileri-paneli-gerceklestirildi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201c100. Y\u0131l D\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi ve T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d paneli ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber:<\/strong> \u0130\u00dc Kurumsal \u0130leti\u015fim Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi Taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u201c100. Y\u0131l D\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi ve T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d paneli, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Doktora Salonu\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sayg\u0131 duru\u015fu ve \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n okunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan program\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Mahmut Ak yapt\u0131. T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z ili\u015fkilerinin tarihi s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Prof. Dr. Ak, ili\u015fkilerin bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f bu\u00e7uk as\u0131r \u00f6nce, 1483\u2019te Sultan II. Beyazid\u2019in karde\u015fi Cem Sultan hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in XI. Louis\u2019e Limni adas\u0131ndan Rum k\u00f6kenli bir el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndermesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 1535\u2019te Fransa ad\u0131na ilk mukim el\u00e7i Jean de La Forest\u2019\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bu ili\u015fkilerin sonucunda, 1535\u2019te Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin, ilk defa Fransa\u2019ya bir \u201cihsan\u201d olarak kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 bah\u015fetti\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece Fransa\u2019n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti nezdinde \u201cen fazla m\u00fcsaadeye mazhar devlet\/en ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 devlet\u201d konumuna geldi\u011fini kaydeden Prof. Dr. Ak, \u201cBu kapit\u00fclasyonlar, 1604\u2019te I. Ahmet devrinde yenilendi\u011fi gibi hangi mezhepten olursa olsun Frans\u0131z ruhban taifesi Osmanl\u0131 vatan\u0131n\u0131n her yerinde serbest\u00e7e ayinler yapabilme hakk\u0131 elde etmi\u015flerdi. Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki, bu kapit\u00fclasyonlar ve Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Katolikleri himaye hakk\u0131 1740\u2019te s\u00fcrekli hale gelmi\u015ftir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk modernle\u015fme tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 1721\u2019de Yirmi sekiz Mehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Frans\u0131z devlet ve toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelemek \u00fczere Fransa\u2019ya gitmesinin \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Ak, bundan sonra Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk reformcular\u0131 i\u00e7in model \u00fclke oldu\u011funu ve modern geli\u015fmeleri anlamak i\u00e7in Frans\u0131zca \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, Frans\u0131zcan\u0131n, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l diplomasi dili olmas\u0131n\u0131n da Frans\u0131zca \u00f6\u011frenme yolunda itici bir unsur oldu\u011funu dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Mondros M\u00fctarekesinden Sonraki \u0130\u015fgalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere ile birlikte Fransa\u2019n\u0131n, 1878 Berlin Kongresi\u2019ne kadar Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunu yaparken de asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin i\u00e7 meselesi olmas\u0131 gereken Bo\u011fazlar meselesi gibi meseleleri, uluslararas\u0131 hale getirmekten de \u00e7ekinmediklerini aktaran Prof. Dr. Ak \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131: \u201c1878\u2019den sonra \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa, Ermeni ihtilalci gruplar\u0131 destekleyerek Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aleyhindeki faaliyetlerin koruyucusu olmu\u015f, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Rusya ve \u0130ngiltere ile birlikte Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa, May\u0131s 1916\u2019da Sykes-Picot gizli anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yaparak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni, Arap topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015flar ve Mondros m\u00fctarekesinden sonra ise Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Trakya dahil bu topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir. Mesela Frans\u0131zlar, 11 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de D\u00f6rtyol\u2019u, 17 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Mersin\u2019i ve 1 Ocak 1919\u2019da Antep\u2019i, 22 \u015eubat 1919\u2019da Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131 ve 24 Mart 1919\u2019da ise Urfa\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7erek 22 Haziran 1919 tarihli Amasya genelgesinden sonra \u00fclkedeki perakende direni\u015f hareketlerini tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamas\u0131n\u0131n ve bunu da Sivas Kongresi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinin Fransa\u2019y\u0131 endi\u015felendirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Ak, \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele hareketinin kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara ve \u00f6zellikle Araplara ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan korkuyorlard\u0131. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Frans\u0131zlar, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ile ili\u015fki kurmak istediler. Bunun sonucunda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Suriye eski Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Georges Picot, 7 Aral\u0131k 1919\u2019da Sivas\u2019a gelerek Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d dedi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, b\u00f6lgedeki Frans\u0131z i\u015fgalinin sona erdirilmesini, aksi halde T\u00fcrklerin sava\u015fla bunu yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken Picot\u2019un, \u00c7ukurova\u2019da kendilerine ekonomik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar verilmesi \u015fart\u0131yla i\u015fgal ettikleri, Antep, Urfa, Mara\u015f ve \u00c7ukurova\u2019y\u0131 bo\u015faltabileceklerini belirtti\u011fini ifade ederek, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n bu teklifini reddetti\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi\u2019ne Giden S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBu i\u015fgallere ra\u011fmen Fransa, Mondros m\u00fctarekesinden sonra \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki h\u00e2kim tavr\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olmu\u015f, I. ve II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc muharebelerinde destekledikleri Yunan ordusunun T\u00fcrk ordusuna yenilmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin 11 May\u0131s 1921\u2019de art\u0131k Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 desteklemeyeceklerine y\u00f6nelik deklarasyonu \u00fczerine Ankara\u2019daki TBMM h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile anla\u015fma yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015fan Prof. Dr. Ak, bu s\u00fcrecin 20 Ekim 1921\u2019de imzalanacak olan Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi\u2019ne kadar devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin 13 Haziran 1921\u2019de Ankara\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019de \u0131srar ederken Frans\u0131z temsilci Franklin Bouillon\u2019un ise Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n emri vaki oldu\u011funu kabul ettikten sonra g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde 11 Mart 1921 tarihli Bekir Sami Bey- Briand s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini kaydeden Prof. Dr. Ak, Briand\u2019\u0131n, Londra\u2019da Bekir Sami heyetinin Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019den s\u00f6z etmediklerini belirtti\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine kendisine Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019nin Frans\u0131zcas\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnla\u015fma, 20 Ekim 1921\u2019de \u0130mzaland\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130tilaf devletlerinin 11 May\u0131s 1921 bildirisine ra\u011fmen 18-19 Haziran 1921\u2019de Paris\u2019te toplanarak T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131nda yeniden arabuluculuk yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n ise bunu reddetti\u011fini aktaran Prof. Dr. Ak, Yunan ordusunun 5 Temmuz 1921\u2019de Anadolu\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir taarruza ge\u00e7erek K\u00fctahya, Afyon ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019i i\u015fgal etti\u011fini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z ili\u015fkilerinin kesildi\u011fini belirterek ifadelerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201c\u0130kinci d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin 24 Eyl\u00fcl 1921\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u00fc\u00e7 hafta kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni Hariciye Vekili Yusuf Kemal Bey (Tengir\u015fek), Fransa\u2019y\u0131 ise Franklin Bouillon temsil etmekteydi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan izleyen ve hakem rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenen Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n Payas\u2019tan ba\u015flayarak \u00c7obanbey-Nusaybin aras\u0131ndaki 20 km geni\u015fli\u011findeki Ba\u011fdat demiryolu imtiyaz b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcneyinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra Musul vilayeti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar uzanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Fakat Frans\u0131zlar bunu kabul etmediler. Frans\u0131zlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkler kendileriyle anla\u015fmak zorundayd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Ankara da Frans\u0131zlarla anla\u015fmak istiyordu. Sonunda taraflar, 20 Ekim 1921\u2019de Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi\u2019ni imzalad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi ile Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fini ve TBMM h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, ilk defa Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir devlet taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Ak, bu hususun Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir diplomatik ba\u015far\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Prof. Dr. Ak, \u0130skenderun b\u00f6lgesinin, \u00f6zel bir idare \u015feklinde Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFransa, G\u00fc\u00e7lenen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Rahats\u0131zl\u0131k Duymaktad\u0131r\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi\u2019nin, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici mukavele veya \u00f6n bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup T\u00fcrk ve Frans\u0131z Meclisleri taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmam\u0131\u015f bir metin oldu\u011funu; bu anla\u015fma ile ayr\u0131ca Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmen ge\u00e7ersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Prof. Dr. Ak, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalamak suretiyle kendi kamuoyundaki sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tatmin etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tamamlad\u0131: \u201c100. y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi yeniden incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir ki, bu anla\u015fma ile belirlenmi\u015f T\u00fcrk-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, ter\u00f6r sebebiyle ciddi g\u00fcvenlik zaaflar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Bu y\u00fczden T\u00fcrkiye, kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00fc\u00e7 asker\u00ee harek\u00e2t d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. \u0130kincisi Fransa, Suriye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Akdeniz, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve Afrika meselelerinde T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 agresif bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemektedir. \u00d6zellikle, Frans\u0131z-Cezayir ili\u015fkilerindeki gerginlikte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi su\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bunda, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buradan hareketle, bu \u00f6nemli paneli ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan k\u0131ymetli bilim insanlar\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcr eder, sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 sunar\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. Ak\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan panele ge\u00e7ildi. Moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Mustafa Budak\u2019\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi panelde \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Rauf Versan, Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Hilal Akg\u00fcl ve \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Hadiye Y\u0131lmaz Odaba\u015f\u0131 konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak yer ald\u0131. Programda, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihi s\u00fcreci, hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011feri, T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z ili\u015fkilerinin boyutlar\u0131 gibi konular hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunuldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: \u0130\u00dc Kurumsal \u0130leti\u015fim Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi Taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u201c100. Y\u0131l D\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Ankara \u0130tilafnamesi ve T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d paneli, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Doktora Salonu\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Sayg\u0131 duru\u015fu ve \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n okunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan program\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Mahmut Ak yapt\u0131. T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":15617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-15612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-istanbul-universitesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15612\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}