{"id":20455,"date":"2023-02-22T16:07:44","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T13:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=20455"},"modified":"2023-02-22T16:07:44","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T13:07:44","slug":"kolonu-kesilen-binanin-dengesi-bozuluyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/kolonu-kesilen-binanin-dengesi-bozuluyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolonu Kesilen Binan\u0131n Dengesi Bozuluyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Ceren \u00d6zden<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Haber Merkezi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, binlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli depremlerin yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 1999’un ard\u0131ndan 6 \u015eubat 2023’te meydana gelen depremlerde bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130n\u015faatlar\u0131n yap\u0131m s\u00fcrecini ve sonras\u0131n\u0131, depremden daha az etkilenmek i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131labilece\u011fini \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi Dilek Bayhan \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Haber Merkezi’ne anlatt\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kahramanmara\u015f depremleriyle birlikte, in\u015faatlar\u0131n yap\u0131m s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu, en \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan konulardan biri haline geldi. \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi Dilek Bayhan s\u00fcre\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirmede bulundu. Zeminle ilgili problemlerden bahseden Bayhan, \u201c\u0130n\u015faat\u0131n planlamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda temelde gerekli drenaj ve uygun malzemeler kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece zemin su almaz. E\u011fer bir sorun olduysa veya hata yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa zemine \u00f6zel kimyasallarla enjeksiyon yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak burada \u00f6nemli olan suyun kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu i\u015flemler do\u011fru yap\u0131l\u0131rsa temelin su almas\u0131 zaten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d dedi. Zeminin, in\u015faattan \u00f6nce kontrol\u00fc sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde de yap\u0131n\u0131n temeliyle ilgili problemler ya\u015fanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeminin \u00f6nemini anlatan Bayhan, \u201cZemin yap\u0131y\u0131 korumaz. Benim yap\u0131m sa\u011flam ancak zeminim k\u00f6t\u00fc, depremde yap\u0131m beni korur gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kisi birbirine orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer zeminde bir problem varsa, bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek zorundad\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu. Zemin s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini ise \u201cYeralt\u0131 su seviyesi alt\u0131nda kalan zeminlerin ge\u00e7ici olarak dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedip kat\u0131 yerine s\u0131v\u0131 gibi davranmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu genellikle deprem esnas\u0131nda kumlu veya siltli zeminlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr\u201d diyerek a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBinalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri var\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depremde y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00e7\u00f6kmesinin birden fazla nedeninin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Bayhan, bu durumun, zeminin, yap\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ramamas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti. Yap\u0131n\u0131n da standartlara uygun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131. Bayhan, binalardaki kolon k\u0131rma veya kolon kesme i\u015flemlerini ise \u201cKolonu kesilen her bina y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r diyemeyiz ancak dengesi tabii ki bozulacakt\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem yap\u0131n\u0131n profilini de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Proje \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor diyebilirim\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Deprem \u0130zolat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cMaliyetlerden k\u0131sman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ac\u0131 oluyor\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zemin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapmadan veya planlamay\u0131 do\u011fru yapmadan in\u015faata ba\u015flamamak gerekti\u011fini kaydeden Bayhan, “Sa\u011flam temel atman\u0131n birden fazla yolu var. Kaz\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme temel dedi\u011fime \u00f6rnek mesela. Ancak maliyetten k\u0131smak i\u00e7in, bunun yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu noktada in\u015faat m\u00fchendisinin de elinden fazla bir \u015fey gelmiyor a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131” dedi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130zolat\u00f6r y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 engelliyor diyebiliriz\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sismik izolat\u00f6rler hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunarak ifadelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Bayhan \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: “Sismik izolat\u00f6rler 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe eklendi. Servis yap\u0131lar\u0131nda (hastane, havaliman\u0131, vb.) yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu hale getirildi. Apartman tarz\u0131 yap\u0131larda yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, yap\u0131 depremde hasar alsa da y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. \u0130zolat\u00f6r uygulamas\u0131 elbette sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 tek d\u00fczleme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131lma ihtimalini \u00e7ok fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131rlar. Maliyetlerin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ise normal yap\u0131larda tercih edilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2007 ve \u00f6zellikle 1999 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f binalar riskli”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dilek Bayhan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yap\u0131lar\u0131n durumunu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle de\u011ferlendirdi: \u201c2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan yap\u0131larda faya olan mesafe 220 km ve \u00fcst\u00fc ise g\u00fcvenebiliriz. 2018 sonras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar en g\u00fcvenilir yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Ama m\u00fchendislik hatalar\u0131 ya da malzemeden \u00e7alma gibi bir durum s\u00f6z konusuysa bunlar da y\u0131k\u0131labilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2007 ve \u00f6zellikle 1999 \u00f6ncesi in\u015fa edilmi\u015f yap\u0131lar riskli diyebilirim. Her binan\u0131n yap\u0131 denetim uzmanlar\u0131nca denetlenmesi gerekiyor. Kesin konu\u015fmak yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Yeni yap\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131n da y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131n, oturdu\u011fu yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli olup olmamas\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131n\u0131n basit bir yolunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine ekleyen Bayhan, \u201cBunun iki yolu var. Yap\u0131 denetim firmas\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131p oturduklar\u0131 yap\u0131lardan al\u0131nacak karot \u00f6rne\u011fiyle ya da deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi \u00fczerinden t\u00fcm kolonlardan numune al\u0131narak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131labilir\u201d dedi. \u0130kinci y\u00f6ntemin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na da de\u011finden Bayhan, bu i\u015flemin, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131larda yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zor oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHerkes doktor olam\u0131yorsa herkes m\u00fchendis de olmamal\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn insan hayat\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgili oldu\u011funu ifade eden Bayhan, \u201cHerkes doktor olam\u0131yorsa herkes m\u00fcteahhit veya in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi de olmamal\u0131. Bu i\u015fi yapacak olanlar lak\u0131yla yapmal\u0131\u201d diyerek s\u00f6zlerine son verdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: Ceren \u00d6zden \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Haber Merkezi T\u00fcrkiye, binlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli depremlerin yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 1999’un ard\u0131ndan 6 \u015eubat 2023’te meydana gelen depremlerde bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130n\u015faatlar\u0131n yap\u0131m s\u00fcrecini ve sonras\u0131n\u0131, depremden daha az etkilenmek i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131labilece\u011fini \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi Dilek Bayhan \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Haber Merkezi’ne anlatt\u0131. Kahramanmara\u015f depremleriyle birlikte, in\u015faatlar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":20456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"double-sidebar","sidebar":"single-left","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,1,2085,31,35],"tags":[2568,2569,2566],"class_list":["post-20455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-genel","category-manset-haber","category-teknoloji","category-yasam","tag-dilek-bayhan","tag-insaat-muhendisi-dilek-bayhan","tag-kahramanmaras-depremleri-binalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20455"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20455\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}