{"id":22080,"date":"2023-12-26T15:04:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T12:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=22080"},"modified":"2023-12-26T15:04:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T12:04:57","slug":"buyuk-patlamaya-alternatif-kaotik-evren-teorisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2023\/12\/26\/buyuk-patlamaya-alternatif-kaotik-evren-teorisi\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlamaya Alternatif: Kaotik Evren Teorisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Selman C\u00f6mert<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit\u00f6r: Sevgi \u015eahin <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck patlama ve evrenin sonuna ili\u015fkin teorileri, bilim camias\u0131nda “Kaotik Evren Teorisi”yle ses getiren \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Ekrem Ayd\u0131ner anlatt\u0131. Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131ner, kendi \u00f6nerdi\u011fi Kaotik Evren Teorisi’nin B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlamaya alternatif oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Prof. Dr. Ekrem Ayd\u0131ner<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Bir canl\u0131 i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n, onun do\u011fu\u015fuyla ba\u015flay\u0131p birtak\u0131m evreler ge\u00e7irdikten sonra ya\u015famsal fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesiyle sona erdi\u011fi bilinir. Bir\u00e7ok e\u015fyan\u0131n dahi bir zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu alg\u0131 o kadar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ki, genelde evrenin de bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bir g\u00fcn son bulaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli teorilerin \u00fcretildi\u011fi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu ve sonun nas\u0131l gelece\u011fi bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hala tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geleneksel kozmoloji anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama teorisi olarak ifade edilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131ner, evrenin sonuna ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolar oldu\u011funu belirtti. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, evrenin k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u00f6kece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f; sonsuza kadar geni\u015fleyece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131rt\u0131lma ve entropi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle evrendeki kompleksitenin bozularak \u0131s\u0131l \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini varsayan b\u00fcy\u00fck donma gibi teoriler olu\u015fturmakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buharla\u015fan Bir Mikro Kara Deli\u011fin \u0130zi Her \u015eeyi De\u011fi\u015ftirecek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131ner, yap\u0131lan bu hipotezlerin hi\u00e7birinin temel bir fizik yasas\u0131na ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek \u00fczere yeni evren teorileri \u00f6nerildi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Bu teorilerin, b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama teorisindeki komplikasyonlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in onunla fazla \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen yeni teoriler \u00f6nerildi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc fizik\u00e7i Roger Penrose’un \u00f6nerdi\u011fi konformal \u00e7evrimsel teoriyi \u015fu ifadelerle anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Buna g\u00f6re, evrendeki her \u015fey fotona, yani bozona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek ve i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z uzay zaman metri\u011fi sonlanm\u0131\u015f olacak. Penrose, bildi\u011fimiz evrenin bu bozonlar sayesinde yeni bir uzay zamana, yani yeni bir evrene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn veya ge\u00e7i\u015finin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikro boyuttaki kara deliklerin bir \u00f6nceki evrenden ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrene ge\u00e7i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini savunan Penrose, bu mikro kara deliklerin buharla\u015fma izlerinin g\u00f6zlenebilmesi durumunda, konformal \u00e7evrimsel teorinin ispatlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. Bu teoriyi ilgin\u00e7 buldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Ayd\u0131ner, “Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemci ve teorisyen,bu buharla\u015fman\u0131n izini arad\u0131. Bu kara deliklerin izleri bulunabilseydi, bizden \u00f6nceki evrenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanacakt\u0131.” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zar Evren Teorisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck patlama teorisindeki komplikasyonlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in ortaya at\u0131lan bir di\u011fer teori de ekpirotik model. B\u00fcy\u00fck patlaman\u0131n kinetik bir patlama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, uzay zaman metri\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Ayd\u0131ner, \u00e7evrimsel bir model olan ekpiroti\u011fi, “Bu bir zar evren teorisi. Buna g\u00f6re evrenimiz, iki membran aras\u0131ndaki uzay zamandaa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapan\u0131yor. Teoriye g\u00f6re bu a\u00e7\u0131lmay\u0131 biz, b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama olarak alg\u0131l\u0131yoruz.” ifadeleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evren Tekilli\u011fe D\u00fc\u015fmeyecek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayd\u0131ner’in 2018’de b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama teorisine alternatif olarak \u00f6nerdi\u011fi “Kaotik Evren Teorisi”, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilim dergilerinden Nature’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya fizik s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ikinci s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00e7evrimsel teoriye g\u00f6re, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evren hi\u00e7bir zaman tekilli\u011fe ula\u015fmayacak veya tamamen bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle yok olmayacak, bunun yerine ba\u015fka bir evrene ge\u00e7i\u015f yapacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evrenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 4’\u00fcn\u00fcn madde, y\u00fczde 23’\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi etkisi olan karanl\u0131k madde ve y\u00fczde 73’\u00fcn\u00fcn evrenin ivmelenerek geni\u015flemesine neden olan karanl\u0131k enerjiden olu\u015ftu\u011funu ifade eden Ayd\u0131ner, kaotik evren teorisini bunlar\u0131n etkile\u015fimlerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. “Etkile\u015fim her zaman birbirine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyi gerektirir.” diyen Ayd\u0131ner, karanl\u0131k enerji ve maddenin birbirleriyle enerji al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Bu etkile\u015fim i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z diferansiyel denklemler kaos \u00fcretiyor. Bu, birbirine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme dinami\u011finin kaotik oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131yor. Mesela bir adada tav\u015fanlar ve tilkiler var. Tilkiler tav\u015fanlar\u0131 yiyerek besleniyor. Bir s\u00fcre sonra adadaki tilkilerin say\u0131s\u0131 pik yaparken, tav\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131ra iniyor ama hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u0131f\u0131r olmuyor. Besin kayna\u011f\u0131 kalmayan tilkilerin say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131rken, tav\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131yor. Daha sonra tilkiler, tav\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlarla beslenip say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar art\u0131r\u0131yor ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc b\u00f6yle devam ediyor.Bunu kozmolojiye uyarlarsak, itici etkiye sahip karanl\u0131k enerji evreni geni\u015fletirken, \u00e7ekici etkiye sahip olan madde ve karanl\u0131k madde bu geni\u015flemeyi durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu iki etki aras\u0131ndaki rekabet, zaman i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrecin kaotik olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor: Evren bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in fazla geni\u015flerken, belli bir noktadan sonra b\u00fcz\u00fclmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yok Olu\u015f Yok, Ge\u00e7i\u015f Var<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaotik Evren Teorisi’yle, evrenin sonuna ili\u015fkin \u00f6nerilen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131rt\u0131lma gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama teorisini kurtarmak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen ek teorilere gerek kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan Ayd\u0131ner, “Tekilli\u011fe girmeden yeni bir evrene kozmik bir ge\u00e7i\u015f yapaca\u011f\u0131z. Tekillik yok, s\u0131ras\u0131yla var olan ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k evrenler var.” diyerek s\u00f6zlerini tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: Selman C\u00f6mert Edit\u00f6r: Sevgi \u015eahin B\u00fcy\u00fck patlama ve evrenin sonuna ili\u015fkin teorileri, bilim camias\u0131nda “Kaotik Evren Teorisi”yle ses getiren \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Ekrem Ayd\u0131ner anlatt\u0131. Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131ner, kendi \u00f6nerdi\u011fi Kaotik Evren Teorisi’nin B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlamaya alternatif oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bir canl\u0131 i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n, onun do\u011fu\u015fuyla ba\u015flay\u0131p birtak\u0131m evreler ge\u00e7irdikten sonra ya\u015famsal fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesiyle sona erdi\u011fi bilinir. Bir\u00e7ok e\u015fyan\u0131n dahi bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":22109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"double-sidebar","sidebar":"single-left","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,2085],"tags":[627,2811,2812,2814,2815],"class_list":["post-22080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-manset-haber","tag-bilim","tag-buyuk-patlama","tag-kaotik-evren-teorisi","tag-prof-dr-ekrem-aydiner","tag-roger-penrose"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22080\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}