{"id":22347,"date":"2024-01-18T12:40:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T09:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=22347"},"modified":"2024-01-18T12:40:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T09:40:31","slug":"geleneksel-kazak-yemegi-beshparmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2024\/01\/18\/geleneksel-kazak-yemegi-beshparmak\/","title":{"rendered":"Geleneksel Kazak Yeme\u011fi: Beshparmak<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Esmira \u0130man<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit\u00f6r: Zehra Nur Altun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazakistan’\u0131n geleneksel ana yeme\u011fi olan Be\u015fparmak \u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6relerinde farkl\u0131 isimlerle an\u0131lmakta. On birinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana Yunanistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere lezzetiyle bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi etkileyen Be\u015fparmak\u2019\u0131n Lagman yeme\u011fine de esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte. Kazak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn vazge\u00e7ilmezi olarak kabul edilen bu yeme\u011fin, g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e de de\u011feri artmakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazak Yeti (Kazak eti) veya halk dilinde bilinen ad\u0131yla Be\u015fparmak, Kazak halk\u0131n\u0131n ulusal bir yeme\u011fi. Kaz\u0131 (Kazak sosisi), Yet (geleneksel at eti), Kam\u0131r (Hamur), ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f patates ve soslu so\u011fan i\u00e7eren bu yemek \u015fenlik masalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk yeme\u011fi olarak kabul edilmekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Misafir beklerken, etler ki\u015filerin sosyal stat\u00fclerine g\u00f6re; Bas Tabak (ana tabak), S\u0131y Tabak (hediye taba\u011f\u0131), Orta Tabak, Ayak tabak, Kelin Tabak (gelin taba\u011f\u0131), K\u00fcyeu Tabak (damat taba\u011f\u0131), Kuda-Kuda\u011fi Tabak \u015feklinde b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Geleneksel Kazak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re ki\u015fi d\u00fcnyaya ba\u015f\u0131yla (do\u011fum) gelmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda eski Kazak dillerinde ba\u015f, \u00fclke hakan\u0131 anlam\u0131yla da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in “\u00dclke, ba\u015f taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir.” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakimdir. Bu y\u00fczden at ba\u015f\u0131 veya duruma g\u00f6re koyun ba\u015f\u0131 misafire ikram edilmelidir. Bu servis bi\u00e7imi misafire sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir\u00e7ok millet iyi ve kaliteli e\u015fyalar\u0131, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 eylemleri ve kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini 5 puan sistemiyle de\u011ferlendirmekteydi. Eski zamanlarda Kazaklar, di\u011fer milletler ve Yunanl\u0131lar \u00e7e\u015fitli uluslararas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fmalar d\u00fczenlerlerdi. O zamanlarda Kazaklar yiyecekleri birbirleriyle payla\u015f\u0131r, panay\u0131r d\u00fczenler, Naur\u0131z (Kazak yeni y\u0131l\u0131) kutlar ve k\u0131m\u0131z yaparlard\u0131. Bu bayramlarda binici, pehlivan, \u015fark\u0131c\u0131, demirci ve di\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir ve bu yar\u0131\u015fmalara di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden temsilciler de kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bayramlardan birinde d\u00fczenlenen yemek yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Kazaklar, ulusal yemeklerini sergilediler. Yar\u0131\u015fma j\u00fcrileri Kazak a\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yemekleri \u00e7ok be\u011fendi ve 5 hakemin tamam\u0131 ellerini kald\u0131r\u0131p “5 ba\u015fparmak” notu verdi. B\u00f6ylece bu yeme\u011fin kalitesi parmakla belirtilmi\u015f ve bu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Yemek bu sebeple “Be\u015fparmak” ismini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki zamanlarda ise bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn anlam\u0131 ihl\u00e2l edildi. Yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddiaya g\u00f6re ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki Kazak halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7atal-b\u0131\u00e7ak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kazaklar Be\u015fparmak’\u0131 elleriyle yemekteydi. \u0130\u015fte bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131s\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler Kazaklar\u0131 ahlaks\u0131z bir halk olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kazak tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 bu iddialar\u0131n as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011funu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade etti: “Ku\u015fkusuz bu durumun sebebi okuma yazma bilmeyen ve kendi \u00fclkesinin tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131rmayanlar\u0131n gelecek ku\u015faklara empoze edilmi\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler aktarmas\u0131d\u0131r. At\u0131 ilk evcille\u015ftiren, at nal\u0131n\u0131 ilk icat eden, at s\u00fct\u00fcnden K\u0131m\u0131s ve at etinden Kaz\u0131 yapan Kazak halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7atal-b\u0131\u00e7ak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olmama ihtimali bile yoktur. O d\u00f6nemlerde Kazak halk\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f toplumlardan biriydi.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda da bu kelimenin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131 korunamamakta. Yap\u0131lan istatistik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok Kazak genci bu yeme\u011fe Be\u015fparmak denmesinin sebebinin elle yenilmesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte. Kazakistan’\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkesi olan \u00d6zbeklere g\u00f6re ise bu yeme\u011fe bu ismin verilmesinin sebebi be\u015f farkl\u0131 et \u00e7e\u015fidi i\u00e7eriyor olu\u015fu. Fakat bu durum Kazak k\u00fclt\u00fcr anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer bulmamakta hatta Kazaklara, \u00d6zbeklerin yeme\u011fi benimseyip kendi Be\u015fparmak versiyonunu olu\u015fturdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be\u015fparmak bir\u00e7ok ulus aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir yemek. K\u00fclt bir karaktere sahip olan Kazakistan ise olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fclke. Bu nedenle co\u011frafyaya ve yerel geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Be\u015fparmak’\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar mevcut. \u0130nsanlar eti bir yerde \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle kesebilir, belli yiyecekleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin patates ya da di\u011fer sebzeler) koyabilir ya da koymayabilirler. Tarihsel olarak, Be\u015fparmak et ve baharat i\u00e7ermeyen sadece hamurdan olu\u015fan bir ana yemektir. G\u00f6\u00e7ebeler aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fik kom\u015fular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla bu yemek \u00fczerinde de baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazak tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi Be\u015fparmak ismi ilk olarak Kazaklar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmad\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ruslara terc\u00fcman olarak gelen Tatar-Ba\u015fkurtlar, etin hamurla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen “be\u015f barmak” ad\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu ve sonraki zamanlarda bu isim Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan Kazaklara benimsetildi. \u0130leriki d\u00f6nemlerde ise Kazak kelimesi, ba\u015fta Ruslar olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer halklar taraf\u0131ndan etin genel ad\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Hatta Kazak bozk\u0131r\u0131ndaki \u00e7arl\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin yerel yetkilileri, et yemeklerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde adland\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Oysa Kazaklar misafirlerine hi\u00e7bir zaman bu \u015fekilde “et” dememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazak yetkililerin belirtti\u011fi gibi ancak herkes her Kazak\u00e7a kelimeyi ve deyimi analiz ederse, bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Yine yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan ger\u00e7ek Kazak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc koruma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ederken gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in bu konuda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irilecek planlar aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: Esmira \u0130man Edit\u00f6r: Zehra Nur Altun Kazakistan’\u0131n geleneksel ana yeme\u011fi olan Be\u015fparmak \u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6relerinde farkl\u0131 isimlerle an\u0131lmakta. On birinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana Yunanistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere lezzetiyle bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi etkileyen Be\u015fparmak\u2019\u0131n Lagman yeme\u011fine de esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte. Kazak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn vazge\u00e7ilmezi olarak kabul edilen bu yeme\u011fin, g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e de de\u011feri artmakta. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":22348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"double-sidebar","sidebar":"single-left","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,30,35],"tags":[2863,2712,2787,274,2862,2864,2784,2865],"class_list":["post-22347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-kultur-sanat","category-yasam","tag-besparmak","tag-gastronomi","tag-gastronomi-2","tag-iu","tag-kazakistan","tag-kazakkulturu","tag-yemek","tag-yemekkulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}