{"id":23048,"date":"2024-05-09T19:56:41","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T16:56:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=23048"},"modified":"2024-05-09T19:58:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T16:58:59","slug":"prof-dr-kurtul-gulencten-frankfurt-okulu-dersi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2024\/05\/09\/prof-dr-kurtul-gulencten-frankfurt-okulu-dersi\/","title":{"rendered":"Prof. Dr. Kurtul G\u00fclen\u00e7’ten Frankfurt Okulu Dersi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Ni\u015fli<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimar Sinan \u00dcniversitesi Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nden Prof. Dr. Kurtul G\u00fclen\u00e7, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130leti\u015fim Fak\u00fcltesi’ne konuk oldu. Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencilere Frankfurt Okulu hakk\u0131nda ders verdi ve onlar\u0131n sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konu\u015fmas\u0131na Frankfurt Okulu’nun belirli bir t\u00fcr Marksizmden kopu\u015fu temsil etti\u011fini anlatarak ba\u015flayan Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, ekol\u00fcn ilk ku\u015fak temsilcileri olan Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno ve Herbert Marcuse’nin iktisadi bir analizden \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, hukuki ve psikolojik analizlere giri\u015fti\u011fini belirtti. G\u00fclen\u00e7, Frankfurt Okulu’nun \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu kavramlardan biri olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak “K\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisinin asl\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 kitle haline getirdi\u011fi tespitiyle ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar, bu tespitten bug\u00fcne kadar uzanan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz.” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n Diyalekti\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adorno ve Horkheimer’\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n Diyalekti\u011fi eserinin sosyal bilimler alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7eken Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, kitab\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanmaya y\u00f6nelik son derece radikal bir tezi dile getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bu tezin ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n esas\u0131nda totaliter oldu\u011funu ifade etti\u011fini belirten G\u00fclen\u00e7, kitab\u0131n bilimsel faaliyeti, ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131 ve moderniteyi ele\u015ftirdi\u011fini aktard\u0131. G\u00fclen\u00e7, “Ayd\u0131nlanma esasen bilinmez olan\u0131 bilinebilir k\u0131lma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r, yani mitsel ve karanl\u0131kta kalan\u0131 ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa getirme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 temel ayd\u0131nlanma vard\u0131r, kavram olarak, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik bir hareket olarak ve \u00f6znellik tarihi olarak ayd\u0131nlanma. \u0130nsan, bilinmez olan\u0131 bilinebilir k\u0131lma amac\u0131yla do\u011fay\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 R\u00f6nesans’ta, fakat bir s\u00fcre sonra do\u011fay\u0131 kontrol alma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n kendisi insan\u0131n kendisi \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan da do\u011fan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funuz do\u011fay\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131k\u00e7a asl\u0131nda kendi \u00fczerinizde hakimiyet kurmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorsunuz. \u0130nsan kendisini tanr\u0131 yerine koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a kendisine, do\u011faya ve topluma ili\u015fkin kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 da derinle\u015ftirdi. Son noktada ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n kendisi de mite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme projesi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta totaliterdir.” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Frankfurt Okulu’nun \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 toplum analizinden bahseden Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, demokratik liberal devletlerin galibiyetine de\u011finerek “Liberal demokratik devletlerde de fa\u015fizmde olan otoriter k\u00fclt\u00fcr devam ediyor. \u0130\u00e7ten i\u00e7e, k\u0131lcal bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen otoriter bi\u00e7imi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u015fey kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her \u015feyi ayn\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran, \u015feyle\u015ftiren, belirli kal\u0131plara yerle\u015ftiren k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisidir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lan fa\u015fizmin demokrasi \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir dolay\u0131mlamas\u0131d\u0131r bu.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekol\u00fcn G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Temsilcisi: J\u00fcrgen Habermas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131ndan ekol\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki temsilcisi J\u00fcrgen Habermas’tan bahseden Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, “Habermas’ta moderniteden b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle mi vazge\u00e7ece\u011fiz sorusu vard\u0131r. ‘Teknolojiyi, bilimi, \u00fcretilen sanatsal yenilikleri, bu ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya m\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131z?’ diye sorar ve modernite hen\u00fcz tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r der. T\u0131pk\u0131 Kant’\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanma i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi.” dedi. Habermas’\u0131n hocalar\u0131 olan Adorno ve Horhkeimer’dan teorik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bulundu\u011funu belirten G\u00fclen\u00e7, “Evet, Adorno ve Horhkeimer hakl\u0131d\u0131r, modernitenin son derece otoriter, ara\u00e7sal, ili\u015fkileri yozla\u015ft\u0131ran bir taraf\u0131 vard\u0131r ama ba\u015fka bir rasyonalite de mevcuttur. Bu rasyonalite \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fimi sa\u011flayabilecek ileti\u015fimsel ak\u0131ld\u0131r.” ifadelerinde bulundu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habermas’\u0131n normatif modelinin ideal bir model oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, bu modele bakarak g\u00fcndelik ili\u015fkilerimizde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan patolojileri ve kusurlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirel olarak de\u011ferlendirme imkan\u0131na sahip olabilece\u011fimizi \u015fu ifadelerle anlatt\u0131: “\u0130leti\u015fimsel akla dayal\u0131 eylemin kendisi bize yeni bir ufuk sunabilir, bize yeni bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fim imkan\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu model hayata ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir model de\u011fildir, zaten hi\u00e7bir zaman hayata ge\u00e7irilemez. Ama bu rasyonel m\u00fczakere modeli g\u00fcndelik hayatta en az\u0131ndan bir de\u011ferlendirme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc sunabilecek bir modeldir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Demokratik sistem ileti\u015fimsel eylemden ge\u00e7mektedir.”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Habermas’a g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, ya\u015fam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 demokratik m\u00fczakere siyasetine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyebilmektir. Burada kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan en \u00f6nemli kavram kamusall\u0131k, aleniyet ve kamusal alanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan etkile\u015fimler.” \u015feklinde konu\u015fan Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, etkile\u015fime dayal\u0131 yeni bir rasyonalite bi\u00e7iminin kamusal alanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. \u0130leti\u015fimsel akl\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcyle demokratik siyaseti m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme gereklili\u011finden bahseden G\u00fclen\u00e7, bunun i\u00e7in sistem d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, yani b\u00fcrokrasi, iktidar ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin ya\u015fam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini anlatt\u0131. “M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131n otoritesini korumak laz\u0131m diyor Habermas. Demokratik sistem ileti\u015fimsel eylemden ge\u00e7mektedir. Siyasetin en \u00f6nemli unsuru s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc s\u00f6yleyebilmenizdir, bunun da teminat\u0131 insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine dayal\u0131 bir hukuk sistemidir.” diyen G\u00fclen\u00e7, ileti\u015fimsel akl\u0131n i\u015fleyebilmesinin yegane ko\u015fulunun insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine dayal\u0131 bir sistem oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, s\u00f6zlerini “Adorno ve Horhkeimer hakl\u0131, bug\u00fcn bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda son derece ara\u00e7salla\u015fan, t\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerin asl\u0131nda \u015feyle\u015fti\u011fi bir fiiliyatta ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ama Habermas en az\u0131ndan bize bir umut olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, rasyonel bir se\u00e7enek sunmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, ileti\u015fimsel eylem ve m\u00fczakereci demokrasi modelini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Bu modelde \u00f6nemli olan yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ve kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakiki bir hukuk devletinde birle\u015fmesi ve problemlerin diyalog yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.” ifadeleriyle sonland\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Ni\u015fli Mimar Sinan \u00dcniversitesi Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nden Prof. Dr. Kurtul G\u00fclen\u00e7, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130leti\u015fim Fak\u00fcltesi’ne konuk oldu. Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencilere Frankfurt Okulu hakk\u0131nda ders verdi ve onlar\u0131n sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131. Konu\u015fmas\u0131na Frankfurt Okulu’nun belirli bir t\u00fcr Marksizmden kopu\u015fu temsil etti\u011fini anlatarak ba\u015flayan Prof. Dr. G\u00fclen\u00e7, ekol\u00fcn ilk ku\u015fak temsilcileri olan Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":23049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"double-sidebar","sidebar":"single-left","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,2085],"tags":[3085,3088,3086,3089,3084,3087],"class_list":["post-23048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","category-manset-haber","tag-frankfurt-okulu","tag-herbert-marcuse","tag-jurgen-habermas","tag-max-horkheimer","tag-prof-dr-kurtul-gulenc","tag-theodor-adorno"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23048"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23048\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}