{"id":23213,"date":"2024-05-30T13:32:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T10:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=23213"},"modified":"2024-07-01T18:41:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T15:41:25","slug":"endustriyel-tarimla-gelen-ciftci-ve-tuketici-sorunlarinin-cozum-onerisi-agroekoloji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2024\/05\/30\/endustriyel-tarimla-gelen-ciftci-ve-tuketici-sorunlarinin-cozum-onerisi-agroekoloji\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131m Krizine \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerisi: Agroekoloji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Ya\u011fmur Sertkaya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf: Ay\u015fenur S\u00fcl\u00fcn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen \u00fcretim maliyeti ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7iye k\u0131yasla hem k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin hem de t\u00fcketicilerin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesini giderek zay\u0131flatmakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131mda \u00fcretimi h\u0131zla artt\u0131ran end\u00fcstriyel y\u00f6ntemlerle 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ye\u015fil Devrim hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131. Kimyasal girdilerin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Ye\u015fil Devrim’le birlikte bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Agroekoloji ise Ye\u015fil Devrim olarak nitelenen sonras\u0131nda tar\u0131m krizine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen end\u00fcstriyel sistemin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hareket olarak, uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan tar\u0131m sorunlar\u0131na bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisi \u015feklinde ele al\u0131nmakta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131na dayal\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k agroekoloji ekolojik dengeyi kullanan bir tar\u0131m sistemidir. Agroekoloji \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ege \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesinden emekli tar\u0131m ekonomisti Prof. Dr. Tayfun \u00d6zkaya konuyla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tar\u0131m E\u011fitiminde Ye\u015fil Devrimle Agroekoloji Dersleri Kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1930’lu y\u0131llarda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan agroekoloji ziraat fak\u00fclteleri e\u011fitiminde yer al\u0131yordu. Hen\u00fcz end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131mla tan\u0131\u015fmayan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler do\u011fal y\u00f6ntemlerle tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara yans\u0131yan ilerlemeler kaydetti. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fcniversite agroekolojiyi incelemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1960’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye’de ki \u00fcniversitelerde b\u00f6l\u00fcm sistemi yerine k\u00fcrs\u00fc sistemi bulunuyordu. Prof. Dr. \u00d6zkaya \u00f6\u011frencilik d\u00f6neminde 1969\u2019da Ege \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat fak\u00fcltesi’nde Tarla Bitkileri ve Agroekoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc’nde agroekoloji dersi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131. \u00d6\u011frencilik d\u00f6nemlerindeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve g\u00f6zlemlerine dayanarak \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00d6zkaya 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda bu kimyasallar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de h\u0131zla artmas\u0131yla birlikte Ye\u015fil Devrim ad\u0131 verilen hareketin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ye\u015fil Devrim hareketinin \u0131slah edilmi\u015f bu\u011fday, pirin\u00e7 ve m\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerinde tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. \u00d6zkaya bu d\u00f6nemde agroekoloji y\u00f6ntemleriyle yap\u0131lan tar\u0131m\u0131n geri plana itildi\u011fini ayn\u0131 zamanda Ege \u00dcniversitesi’nde ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ki di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerde de k\u00fcrs\u00fc sistemi yerine b\u00f6l\u00fcm sistemine ge\u00e7ildi\u011fini aktard\u0131. B\u00f6l\u00fcm sistemi ile birlikte agroekoloji s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm ad\u0131nda yer almasa da agroekoloji dersi verilmeye devam ediyor diyen \u00d6zkaya g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Ege \u00dcniversitesi ve birka\u00e7 \u00fcniversitenin ziraat fak\u00fcltesinde tar\u0131msal ekoloji ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ekoloji ile tar\u0131m\u0131n ili\u015fkilerini ele alan bir ders verildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6zkaya “\u00f6zellikle 1980’lerden sonra geli\u015fim g\u00f6steren agroekoloji \u00fclkemizde yeterince dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131yor” dedi ve \u201cEnd\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m yayg\u0131nla\u015farak b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131 ve tar\u0131m e\u011fitiminde ba\u015fat hale geldi\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agroekolojinin geri plana itilmesiyle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin kuru tar\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Verimlerde ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve giderek \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin girdi \u00fcreten firmalara, \u015firketlere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131; \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesi gibi halen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc aranan pek \u00e7ok tar\u0131m sorunu ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

End\u00fcstriyel Tar\u0131m\u0131n Olumsuz Y\u00f6nleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcreselle\u015fmeyle birlikte tar\u0131m\u0131n \u015firketlerin hegemonyas\u0131na girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6zkaya end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131n olumsuz y\u00f6nlerinden bahsetti. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en temel sorun girdi fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 diyen Prof. Dr. \u00d6zkaya fiyat sorununun d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de girdi \u00fcreten \u015firketlerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. \u00d6zkaya buna \u00f6rnek olarak T\u00fcrkiye’de yem ve g\u00fcbre fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirildi\u011fini, T\u00fcrkiye Zirai Donat\u0131m Kurumu\u2019nun ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zay\u0131flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6zkaya \u201cDolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ift\u00e7i ne sat\u0131n al\u0131rsa als\u0131n \u015firketlerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiyat\u0131 kabul etmek zorunda. \u015eirketler girdi kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin pamukta bol miktarda kimyasal g\u00fcbre kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda bitki azmanla\u015f\u0131yor; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k girdi \u015firketleri bunu d\u00fczelten yeni ila\u00e7lar sat\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece kimyasal girdi kullan\u0131m\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7ine giriliyor. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ift\u00e7iler girdilere y\u00fcksek fiyat \u00f6demek zorunda kal\u0131yor.\u201d diyerek end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7iye ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan etkilerini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Agroekolojik Tekniklerle Tar\u0131msal Girdiden Tasarruf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agroekolojinin daha ekonomik bir y\u00f6ntem oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen \u00d6zkaya “Toprak s\u00fcr\u00fclmeden veya asgari d\u00fczeyde i\u015flenerek tar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131rsa kullan\u0131lan mazot miktar\u0131 be\u015fte bire inecektir. Bu verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131; \u00d6rne\u011fin an\u0131za ekim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda toprakta bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 vs. kal\u0131yor. Bunlar \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in topraktaki organik maddenin y\u00fckselmesiyle toprak daha iyi su tutuyor ve \u00fcr\u00fcnde verimlilik de art\u0131yor. Kurak y\u0131llarda da verim alabiliyorsunuz.\u201d ifadeleriyle konuyu \u00f6rneklendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAgroekoloji Geleneksel Y\u00f6ntemlere Ba\u011fl\u0131 Kalm\u0131yor\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zkaya co\u011frafyaya ve topra\u011fa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen tekniklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201cEnd\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde de \u00e7ift\u00e7iler hi\u00e7bir kimyasal kullanmadan tar\u0131m yapabiliyorlard\u0131. Tabii bir tak\u0131m sorunlar vard\u0131. Bununla birlikte agroekoloji sadece geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131yor bunun yan\u0131nda bilimsel y\u00f6ntemleri de kullan\u0131yor. Fak\u00fclteler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131yor fakat T\u00fcrkiye agroekolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan geri kal\u0131yor. Agroekoloji de bilimsel bilgiyle bu geleneksel bilgiyi sentezlemek ve her ikisinden de yararlanmak esas.\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle bir bilim oldu\u011funu ifade etti. Ayr\u0131ca agroekoloji y\u00f6ntemleriyle elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine k\u0131yasla sa\u011fl\u0131k ve maliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in daha verimli oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu baz\u0131 g\u0131da gruplar\u0131 veya t\u00fcketim kooperatifleri ekolojik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri y\u00fcksek fiyatlardan al\u0131yor ancak \u00e7ift\u00e7i end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m da dezavantajlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. Prof. Dr. \u00d6zkaya \u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin seracal\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde yo\u011fun kimyasal kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 kanserin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemliyoruz. Bununla birlikte \u00e7ift\u00e7i \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de iyi fiyatlardan satam\u0131yor. Marjinal de olsa baz\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle dayan\u0131\u015fma halinde olan t\u00fcketim kooperatifleri, g\u0131da gruplar\u0131 var, bunlar \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in daha iyi olmakla birlikte, t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in de makul fiyatlarla \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131p \u00fcyelerine verebiliyorlar. Bu \u00e7ift\u00e7iler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcretim yapabilmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha y\u00fcksek bir gelir elde ediyor. dedi. ”Fakat tar\u0131m sistemi end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn destekleme sistemleri ona y\u00f6nelik. \u00c7ift\u00e7i maliyetleri ve t\u00fcketici sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m girdilerini desteklemekten giderek vazge\u00e7ilmeli.\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u00d6zkaya, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fmesi ve \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ift\u00e7inin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de agroekoloji neden yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son on y\u0131llarda Latin Amerika’da ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde tepki olarak kuvvetli bir agroekoloji hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Latin Amerika, Avrupa ve Hindistan\u2019da end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen \u00e7ift\u00e7iler giderek agroekolojide ilerlerken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu t\u00fcr \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Tayfun \u00d6zkaya yayg\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engelleri ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de son 2-3 y\u0131lda daha da derinle\u015fen tar\u0131mdaki ekonomik krizin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fclkenin tar\u0131mda d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00d6zkaya her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ithal girdilere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor dedi. 1980’lerden bu yana h\u0131zla yo\u011funla\u015fan tar\u0131m krizi i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7inin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek \u201cBu konuda baya\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131f\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin Latin Amerika’da topraks\u0131zlar hareketi, Hindistan’da s\u0131f\u0131r b\u00fct\u00e7e do\u011fal tar\u0131m hareketi var. Milyonlarca \u00e7ift\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek bilgileri yayabiliyor. T\u00fcrkiye’de bu \u00e7ok yetersiz. Agroekolojinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u0131n, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcketici derneklerinin ve t\u00fcketim kooperatiflerinin, partilerle ittifaklar olu\u015fturmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Politikan\u0131n bu y\u00f6nde olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. T\u00fcrkiye’de sadece yerel y\u00f6netimler bu konuda bir rol oynayabiliyor. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n agroekoloji ile ilgili politikalar\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f; yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 raporlarda agroekolojiyi baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde geli\u015ftirece\u011fiz s\u00f6ylemleri var ama uygulamada ciddi bir \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131yor. Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011funda agroekoloji enstit\u00fcleri var.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangisi daha verimli?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re \u00d6zkaya end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131mdan agroekolojiye ge\u00e7i\u015fte ilk 2-3 y\u0131l hafif verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olabilece\u011fini sonras\u0131nda ise verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak Prof. Dr. \u00d6zkaya yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re kurak y\u0131llarda end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m ve agroekolojik y\u00f6ntemlerle ayn\u0131 ortamda \u00fcretim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda agroekolojide pozitif y\u00f6nde y\u00fczde 25 daha y\u00fcksek verim fark\u0131 bulundu\u011funu, \u00e7ift\u00e7inin gelirinde de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlendi\u011fini aktard\u0131. Agroekoloji hem bir toplumsal hareket, hem bir bilim, hem de bir tekniktir. D\u00fcnyada agroekoloji alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131zla devam etmekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Haber: Ya\u011fmur Sertkaya Foto\u011fraf: Ay\u015fenur S\u00fcl\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen \u00fcretim maliyeti ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7iye k\u0131yasla hem k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin hem de t\u00fcketicilerin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesini giderek zay\u0131flatmakta. Tar\u0131mda \u00fcretimi h\u0131zla artt\u0131ran end\u00fcstriyel y\u00f6ntemlerle 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ye\u015fil Devrim hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131. Kimyasal girdilerin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Ye\u015fil Devrim’le birlikte bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":23217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"double-sidebar","sidebar":"single-left","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"1"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,25,1,159,34,2085,32,35],"tags":[3128,3129,3122,1947,3123,950,1286,3124,3127,2086,3125,3126,3130],"class_list":["post-23213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-egitim","category-genel","category-sag-manset","category-universite","category-manset-haber","category-saglik","category-yasam","tag-agriculture","tag-agro","tag-agroekoloji","tag-cevre","tag-ciftci","tag-ekoloji","tag-ekonomi","tag-endustriyeltarim","tag-kimyasalgirdi","tag-tarim","tag-tarimveormanbakanligi","tag-verim","tag-ziraat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}