{"id":24245,"date":"2024-12-07T16:03:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T13:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=24245"},"modified":"2024-12-07T20:55:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T17:55:51","slug":"kibris-baris-harekati-kahramani-unal-toker-iman-gucu-ve-askeri-disiplinle-savastik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2024\/12\/07\/kibris-baris-harekati-kahramani-unal-toker-iman-gucu-ve-askeri-disiplinle-savastik\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 Kahraman\u0131 \u00dcnal Toker: “\u0130man G\u00fcc\u00fc ve Asker\u00ee Disiplinle Sava\u015ft\u0131k”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Muhabir: Buse Sever<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf: Cengizhan Y\u0131lmaz<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul \u2013 (\u0130\u00dc Haber Merkezi)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131’n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden son g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rev yapan Bolu Komando Tugay\u0131\u2019ndan emekli Avukat \u00dcnal Toker, sava\u015f\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fanan g\u0131da ve su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; Rum kuvvetleriyle ya\u015fananlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. \u00dcnal Toker\u2019in hat\u0131ralar\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin unutulmaz anlar\u0131n\u0131 sundu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bolu Komando Tugay\u0131\u2019nda aste\u011fmen olarak vatani g\u00f6revini yaparken K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lan \u00dcnal Toker, sava\u015fta ya\u015fananlar\u0131 ve cephede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Toker, T\u00fcrk askerlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, yiyecek bulman\u0131n zorlu\u011funu ve sava\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. “\u015eafakla Gelen K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Ya\u015fayanlar, Ya\u015fananlar, Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda harekat\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonuna kadar tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu olaylar\u0131 payla\u015fan Toker, meydana gelen zorluklar\u0131,T\u00fcrk askerlerinin ve K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun azmini, fedakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00fccahitler \u00e7anlar\u0131 eritip mermi kovan\u0131 yaparak sava\u015ft\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019nda komando birli\u011finde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnleri anlatan Toker, Rum g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve m\u00fccahitlerin zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda direndi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u201cRumlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc olanaklar\u0131 vard\u0131, fakat m\u00fccahitler ise elindeki her \u015feyi kullanarak, \u00e7anlar\u0131 eritip mermi kovan\u0131 yaparak sava\u015ft\u0131,\u201d diyen Toker, K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n k\u00f6kenine de de\u011finerek \u201c O d\u00f6nemde K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Makarios, Ba\u015fbakan ise Dr. Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019t\u00fc. Makarios\u2019u devirmek i\u00e7in EOKA (K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Milli \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) te\u015fkilat\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019a ba\u011flamak amac\u0131nda olan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurdu. Onlar\u0131n amac\u0131 “Megali Idea,” yani b\u00fcy\u00fck Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 kurmakt\u0131. 15 Temmuz 1974\u2019te darbe yap\u0131ld\u0131. EOKA\u2019c\u0131 Nikos Sampson darbenin ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. O da bir ter\u00f6ristti ve ilk olarak Makarios\u2019u devirmeye, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Makarios\u2019un ordusu ve polisleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131 daha sonra T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6neldi.\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bir Matara Su, 40 Askeri Susuzluktan Kurtar\u0131yordu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 Temmuz\u2019da, harek\u00e2t\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Toker, suyun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekerek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cKuzey K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde su yoktu. O kadar susuz bir yerdi ki, bir matara suyu 40 askere matara kapa\u011f\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131tarak i\u00e7irirdim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her yerde i\u00e7me suyu bulunur, ama ben 20 Temmuz\u2019dan 10 A\u011fustos\u2019a kadar su i\u00e7emedim. Sa\u00e7, sakal birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asker, araban\u0131n radyat\u00f6r\u00fcndeki suyu dahi i\u00e7ti; kire\u00e7 ocaklar\u0131nda kalan suyu bile yokluktan i\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131k. Cephanemiz boldu ama yiyecek bulmak zordu. Komando tugay\u0131na Be\u015fparmak Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na yiyecek ula\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sava\u015f an\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Bin metre y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 gerekiyordu, bu y\u00fczden hep a\u00e7 kald\u0131k\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7emberi yararak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fck\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toker, gece boyunca s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 aktar\u0131rken, m\u00fccahitlerin savundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin Rumlarca ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fini ve T\u00fcrk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin nas\u0131l m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fini anlatt\u0131: \u201cDaha \u00f6nce verilen emir do\u011frultusunda Be\u015fparmak Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na t\u0131rmand\u0131k. Da\u011flar bin metre y\u00fckseklikteydi. Daha ilk gece etraf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00f6rt Rum-Yunan komando birli\u011fi sard\u0131. Tugay\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fc\u00e7 komando taburu vard\u0131. Verilen emre g\u00f6re, gece denizden \u00e7\u0131kanlarla Girne-Lefko\u015fa yolu \u00fczerinde bulu\u015facakt\u0131k. O gece Rum taburu m\u00fccahitlerin elindeki b\u00f6lgeleri alm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fccahitleri imha etmi\u015fti. Gece yar\u0131s\u0131, bir m\u00fccahit tabur komutan\u0131m\u0131za gelip arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kesildi\u011fini ve u\u00e7urumdan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bunun \u00fczerine m\u00fccahitlerin imha edildi\u011fi noktalara h\u00fccum ettik ve Rum \u00e7emberini yard\u0131k. Yarbay Cemal Eru\u00e7 komutas\u0131ndaki birinci tabur ve onun komutas\u0131ndaki Haluk \u00dcst\u00fcgen\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 harek\u00e2t\u0131yla \u00e7emberi yararak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fck\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nan\u00e7 ve askeri disiplin vard\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rumlar\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc KKTC s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izildi\u011fini vurgulayan Toker, Lefko\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkler ve Rumlar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir ba\u015fkent olarak d\u00fcnyada benzeri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Toker, iman g\u00fcc\u00fc ve askeri disiplinin \u00f6nemini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle hat\u0131rlatt\u0131: \u201cHi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmedik, korkmad\u0131k. 10 dakika \u00f6nce bir arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u015fehit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek, sizi daha \u00e7ok h\u0131rsland\u0131r\u0131yor. Belki de biraz sonra siz arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kolunda can vereceksiniz, ama taarruz ba\u015flay\u0131nca \u00f6lmemek ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsunuz. Askerler helikopterlere binmeden \u00f6nce namaz k\u0131l\u0131p Kuran okudular, dua ettiler. \u0130man g\u00fcc\u00fc ve askeri disiplin vard\u0131; tek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sava\u015fmak, kendini korumak ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmekti.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRumlar\u0131 \u00e7embere ald\u0131k\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

26 Temmuz\u2019da bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik bir taarruz s\u0131ras\u0131nda  komutas\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 100 ki\u015filik bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten olu\u015ftu\u011funu  s\u00f6yleyen Toker, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda alt\u0131 yaral\u0131 ve bir \u015fehit verdiklerini; bu \u015fehidin Kaya Afacan oldu\u011funu ve ad\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Rumlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikleri tepeyi almak i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizce ve Rumca anons yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Toker, \u201cKa\u00e7\u0131n ya da teslim olun,\u201d mesaj\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa uyar\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Toker, Rumlar\u0131 \u00e7embere ald\u0131klar\u0131nda bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f koridoru b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade etti: \u201cTaarruz s\u0131ras\u0131nda Rumlar\u0131 \u00e7embere ald\u0131k, \u00e7emberin bir ucunu a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131yorduk ki oradan ka\u00e7abilsinler. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmaya girdi\u011fimiz zaman onlar\u0131 imha edece\u011fiz ama bizden de yaral\u0131 ve \u015fehit olacak. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ka\u00e7malar\u0131na izin verirdik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toker, o gece ya\u015fanan ve unutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir an\u0131y\u0131 da anlatt\u0131. Bir askerinin hemen \u00f6n\u00fcnde vuruldu\u011funu ve sabaha kadar \u201cBeni \u00f6ld\u00fcr komutan\u0131m\u201d diyerek kendisine yalvard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Toker, askerin o geceden sonra yedi ameliyat ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti: \u201cO gece \u00e7ektiklerini unutamam. Kayseri\u2019ye gittim, buldum kendisini; h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYarg\u0131ya olan g\u00fcven eskiye oranla azald\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KKTC\u2019nin kurucu Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Rauf Denkta\u015f d\u00f6neminde, \u00fclkede iyi yeti\u015fmi\u015f hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ve mahkemelerde ciddi bir atmosferin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funu belirten Toker, o d\u00f6nemde yarg\u0131 sistemine olan g\u00fcvenin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Toker, eskiden mahkemelere siyah tak\u0131m elbise ve kravat olmadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve adaletli kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu ciddiyetin kayboldu\u011funu belirten Toker, yarg\u0131ya olan g\u00fcvenin eskiye oranla azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnla\u015fmalar Gere\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye M\u00fcdahale Hakk\u0131n\u0131 Kulland\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cenevre ve Londra anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda, K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Toker, 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Harek\u00e2t\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n demokrasi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikede olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u0130ngiltere ve Yunanistan\u2019a m\u00fcdahale \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Toker, Yunanistan ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya \u201cBu, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 meselesidir\u201d diyerek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fini ve m\u00fcdahalede bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Anla\u015fman\u0131n 4. maddesine g\u00f6re, garant\u00f6r devletlerden birinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken Toker, bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu maddenin h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Muhabir: Buse Sever Foto\u011fraf: Cengizhan Y\u0131lmaz \u0130stanbul \u2013 (\u0130\u00dc Haber Merkezi) 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131’n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden son g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rev yapan Bolu Komando Tugay\u0131\u2019ndan emekli Avukat \u00dcnal Toker, sava\u015f\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fanan g\u0131da ve su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; Rum kuvvetleriyle ya\u015fananlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. \u00dcnal Toker\u2019in hat\u0131ralar\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin unutulmaz anlar\u0131n\u0131 sundu. 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bolu Komando […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":24247,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,2085,2348],"tags":[3198],"class_list":["post-24245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istanbul","category-manset-haber","category-manset-yani","tag-kibris-baris-harekati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}