{"id":27867,"date":"2026-01-29T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=27867"},"modified":"2026-01-29T14:14:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T11:14:18","slug":"gulmenin-evrimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2026\/01\/29\/gulmenin-evrimi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fclmenin Evrimi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Haber: Deniz Serhan \u00d6zen\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edit\u00f6r: Melek \u00d6zt\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul, (\u0130\u00dc Haber Merkezi) – G\u00fclme, yaln\u0131zca bir duygu bo\u015fal\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil; evrimsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal bir ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imi olarak insanl\u0131k tarihinin en eski davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Yay\u0131mlanan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 eylemin bilimsel ve toplumsal y\u00f6nlerini ortaya koydu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, g\u00fclmenin yaln\u0131zca anl\u0131k bir tepkiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; insan\u0131n evrimsel ge\u00e7mi\u015finden k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131na ve toplumsal ili\u015fkilerine uzanan k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ileti\u015fim davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re bu kadim eylem, bireyler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimde \u00f6nemli bir rol \u00fcstlenirken \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131yla akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da oda\u011f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evrimsel temel: G\u00fclme dil \u00f6ncesi bir ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclmek, insan\u0131n en do\u011fal tepkilerinden biri gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de ard\u0131nda karma\u015f\u0131k bir evrimsel ge\u00e7mi\u015f bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Evrimsel psikolojiye g\u00f6re, g\u00fclme dil \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde grup i\u00e7i ba\u011f kurma ve tehdit azaltma amac\u0131yla geli\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. Primatlarda g\u00f6zlemlenen g\u00fclmeye benzer sesli tepkiler, bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n insan \u00f6ncesi k\u00f6kenlerine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hitit \u00dcniversitesi Felsefe Tarihi Ana Bilim Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Do\u00e7. Dr. Feyza Ceyhan Co\u015ftu, \u201cG\u00fclme \u00dczerine Bir Deneme: Bergson ve Freud\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015fu ifadelere yer verdi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cG\u00fclme, insan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan bir tepki de\u011fil; toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u015fekillenen ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak kodlanan bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, g\u00fclmenin yaln\u0131zca biyolojik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir evrim ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyolojik i\u015flev: G\u00fclme bir toplumsal ara\u00e7 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclme, yaln\u0131zca e\u011flence de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sosyal kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Henri Bergson\u2019un g\u00fclme kuram\u0131, g\u00fclmeyi toplumsal normlara uyumsuzluklar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak yorumlarken; Freud, bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f enerjinin bo\u015fal\u0131m\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatma Erkek\u2019in \u201cKahkaha Toplumdan Yana\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015fu ifadeye yer verilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cG\u00fclme, bireyin topluma uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. Kahkaha, uyumsuzlu\u011fu cezaland\u0131r\u0131r\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclin \u00d6\u011f\u00fct Eker ise \u201cSosyal Ceza Olarak G\u00fclme\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde g\u00fclmenin geri bildirim mekanizmas\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, g\u00fclmenin bireyi topluma entegre eden bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilimsel inceleme: Gelotoloji ve fizyolojik etkiler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclme eylemi, bilimsel olarak gelotoloji ad\u0131 verilen bir disiplin taraf\u0131ndan incelenir. Bu alan, g\u00fclmenin beyindeki limbik sistemle ili\u015fkisini, y\u00fcz kaslar\u0131n\u0131n aktivasyonunu ve stres azalt\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. G\u00fclme s\u0131ras\u0131nda 15\u2019ten fazla kas\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, endorfin salg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi bilimsel olarak kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesinden Prof. Dr. G\u00fclin \u00d6\u011f\u00fct Eker\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015fu ifadeye yer verilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cG\u00fclme, bireyin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 toplumsal normlara g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlemesini sa\u011flayan bir geri bildirim mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d Bu bulgular, g\u00fclmenin hem fizyolojik hem de sosyal bir d\u00fczenleyici oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar: G\u00fclmenin anlam\u0131 co\u011frafyaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclme, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131yan bir arac. Baz\u0131 toplumlarda g\u00fclmek bir nezaket g\u00f6stergesi iken, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda alay ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme olarak alg\u0131lanan\u0131r. Bu da g\u00fclmenin yaln\u0131zca biyolojik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kod oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hitit \u00dcniversitesi Felsefe Tarihi Ana Bilim Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Do\u00e7. Dr. Feyza Ceyhan Co\u015ftu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bu durumu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade etti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cG\u00fclme rastgele, kendili\u011finden, bir duygu bo\u015fal\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde \u00f6znel ve psikolojik bir h\u00fcviyetle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi toplumsal ve politik d\u00fczlemlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr haldedir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclmek, Bilimsel ve Toplumsal Bir \u0130mza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yay\u0131mlanan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, g\u00fclmenin evrimsel k\u00f6kenlerinden toplumsal i\u015flevlerine kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. G\u00fclme hem bireyin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 hem de toplumla olan ili\u015fkisini \u015fekillendiren \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak insan olman\u0131n en temel g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olmaya devam edecek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haber: Deniz Serhan \u00d6zen\u00e7 Edit\u00f6r: Melek \u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u0130stanbul, (\u0130\u00dc Haber Merkezi) – G\u00fclme, yaln\u0131zca bir duygu bo\u015fal\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil; evrimsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal bir ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imi olarak insanl\u0131k tarihinin en eski davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Yay\u0131mlanan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 eylemin bilimsel ve toplumsal y\u00f6nlerini ortaya koydu. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, g\u00fclmenin yaln\u0131zca anl\u0131k bir tepkiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":27873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,1,159,2085,2348,35],"tags":[3873,3874,300,3349],"class_list":["post-27867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-genel","category-sag-manset","category-manset-haber","category-manset-yani","category-yasam","tag-denizserhanozenc","tag-gulme","tag-iletim","tag-melek-ozturk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27867"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27874,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27867\/revisions\/27874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}