{"id":7680,"date":"2018-12-20T12:21:28","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T09:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=7680"},"modified":"2018-12-20T12:21:28","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T09:21:28","slug":"bitkiden-sagliga-fitoterapi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2018\/12\/20\/bitkiden-sagliga-fitoterapi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitkiden Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa: Fitoterapi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Esra MUTLU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bitkilerle tedavi anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cfitoterapi\u201d, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle televizyonda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Fak\u00fcltesi Farmakognozi Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Afife Mat, fitoterapiye dair bilgi verdi ve uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131bbi bitkileri inceleyen bilim dal\u0131 Farmakognozi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ve bitkilerle tedavi anlam\u0131na gelen fitoterapi, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca geleneksel olarak bitki k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilim uygulamalar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f fitoterapi\u201dye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Bitkilerin tedavi ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eski oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201c\u0130nsanlar binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r do\u011fan\u0131n sundu\u011fu kaynaklardan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Bitkilerin \u00e7e\u015fitli etkileri, yararlar\u0131 veya zararlar\u0131 ilk insanlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemler ve deneyimler sonucu ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bitkilerden g\u0131da olarak yararlanmaya ba\u015flayan insanlar zamanla zehirli bitkileri tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flar ve etkilerini ke\u015ffetmi\u015fler ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde yararlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar\u201d diyerek bu bilgilerin nesilden nesle aktar\u0131larak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n<p>1951-1960 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ralph S. Solecki\u2019nin Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019nin 40 km g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Shanidar ma\u011faras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan 50 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait ilk Neanderthal insan\u0131na ait mezar\u0131n bitkilerin kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair en eski kan\u0131t\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201cBu mezarda insan iskeletinin yan\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7i\u00e7ek demetleri ve bitki par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan polen analizleri sonucunda bu bitkisel materyalin halen bu b\u00f6lgede t\u0131bbi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lan bitkilere ait oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bitkisel \u0130la\u00e7lara Dikkat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bitkisel ila\u00e7lar konusunda halk aras\u0131nda kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yarg\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201cBitkisel ila\u00e7lar konusunda halk aras\u0131ndaki \u2018do\u011fal oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re zarars\u0131zd\u0131r\u2019, \u2018do\u011fald\u0131r, bitkiseldir, zarars\u0131zd\u0131r\u2019, \u2018tamamen do\u011fald\u0131r, hi\u00e7bir kimyasal bile\u015fik i\u00e7ermez\u2019 gibi birtak\u0131m yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015flar, hatalar\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemektedir. Medyada abart\u0131l\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f tan\u0131t\u0131mlar halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehlike olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan 5777 say\u0131l\u0131 Aktarlar, Baharat\u00e7\u0131lar ve Benzeri D\u00fckk\u00e2nlar ile ilgili Genelge\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u201cAktarlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 bitki, bitkisel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcn tavsiye etmesi ve haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r\u201d ifadeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Prof. Dr. Mat, buna ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir e\u011fitimi olmayan aktarlar\u0131n her hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar haz\u0131rlayarak satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konuda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f eczac\u0131n\u0131n hekim re\u00e7etesi yoksa eczanesinin laboratuvar\u0131nda bitkisel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m haz\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131n yasak oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n<p>Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201cHastal\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhisi ve tedavisi hekimin g\u00f6revidir ama tedavide kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7tan sorumlu olan ki\u015fi eczac\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bitkisel ila\u00e7lar ve fitoterapi konusunda hekime ve halka dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapabilecek ve y\u00f6nlendirecek bilgiye sahip tek ki\u015fi eczac\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do\u011fru Kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa Bitkiler Tedavi Edici<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u0131bbi bitkilerin de\u011fi\u015fik farmakolojik etkiye sahip \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal bile\u015fikler i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201cTedavide etkili olabilmesi i\u00e7in her \u015feyden \u00f6nce do\u011fru bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn toplanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin aktarlarda sat\u0131lan papatya her zaman t\u0131bbi papatya de\u011fildir. Halk aras\u0131nda papatya diye isimlendirilen farkl\u0131 bitki t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde sadece Matricaria recutita bitkisi t\u0131bbi papatyad\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan bitkilerin toplanma zaman\u0131, kurutma y\u00f6ntemi, saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler de bitkinin kalitesini ve aktivitesini etkiliyor. T\u0131bbi bitkilerin her \u015feyden \u00f6nce hijyenik ko\u015fullarda sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Prof. Dr. Mat, \u201cAyr\u0131ca binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r geleneksel olarak kullan\u0131lan bitkiler ancak do\u011fru bitki, do\u011fru ki\u015fide, do\u011fru \u015fekilde ve do\u011fru dozda kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa etkilidir\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery_1' class='gallery galleryid-7680 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n                <div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n                    <a href='https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"749\" height=\"1024\" src=\"\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat-749x1024.jpg\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat-749x1024.jpg 749w, https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat-768x1050.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/afife-mat.jpg 1200w\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n                <div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n                    <a href='https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hypericum-perforatum.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"\" class=\"attachment-large size-large lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/hypericum-perforatum.jpg\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"\" data-expand=\"700\" \/><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/figure><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n            <\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bitkilerle tedavi anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cfitoterapi\u201d, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle televizyonda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Fak\u00fcltesi Farmakognozi Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Afife Mat, fitoterapiye dair bilgi verdi ve uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":7681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7680\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}