{"id":8187,"date":"2019-01-24T14:00:34","date_gmt":"2019-01-24T11:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/?p=8187"},"modified":"2019-01-24T15:10:05","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T12:10:05","slug":"osmanlinin-gizemli-dunyasi-hafiyeler-ve-jurnaller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/2019\/01\/24\/osmanlinin-gizemli-dunyasi-hafiyeler-ve-jurnaller\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Enformasyon A\u011f\u0131 Jurnaller"},"content":{"rendered":"

Celil KUR\u015eUN<\/strong>
\nFoto\u011fraflar: H\u00fcseyin ESK\u0130N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli kaynaklardan olan hafiyeler ve jurnaller, gizemli yap\u0131lar\u0131 itibariyle \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yere sahip. \u00d6zellikle II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminin tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan hafiyeler ve jurnaller ile ilgili, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ali Beyhan de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Beyhan, \u201cjurnal\u201d ve \u201chafiye\u201d kelimelerinin k\u00f6kenine de\u011finerek \u201cHafiye, dilimize Arap\u00e7a\u2019dan ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir kelime. Gizlilik i\u00e7inde ara\u015ft\u0131ran ve bilgi toplayan demektir. Bilhassa II. Abd\u00fclhamid devrinde; \u015fah\u0131slar, \u00e7e\u015fitli konular, olaylar, b\u00f6lgeler hakk\u0131nda gizlice bilgi toplayan ve bu bilgileri rapor halinde sunan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Jurnal ise Frans\u0131zca\u2019dan dilimize giren bir kelime. G\u00fcnl\u00fck, gazete, polis raporu gibi anlamlar ifade eder\u201d diyerek bu iki kelimenin II. Abd\u00fclhamid devri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir anlam i\u00e7erisinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u201cII. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019den \u00d6nce de Tebdili K\u0131yafet Vard\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019den \u00f6nce de takip ve bilgi toplama faaliyetlerinin oldu\u011funu dile getiren Prof. Dr. Beyhan, s\u00f6zlerine \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde padi\u015fahlar\u0131n, vezirlerin, devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tebdili k\u0131yafetle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 geziler, halk\u0131n y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim IV. Murat, keyif verici maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve yasa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kahvehane, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131, pazar, meydan gibi mek\u00e2nlarda bizzat tebdili k\u0131yafetle gezmi\u015ftir\u201d diyerek Osmanl\u0131\u2019da da her devlette oldu\u011fu gibi s\u0131n\u0131r i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda istihbarat faaliyetlerinin var oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamid\u00b4in G\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen \u00d6r\u00fcmcek A\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gerek \u015fahs\u0131na gerek saltanat\u0131na y\u00f6nelik i\u00e7erden ve d\u0131\u015fardan bir\u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131ya maruz kalan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u00b4n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ifade eden Prof. Dr. Beyhan, bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri aras\u0131nda Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in askeri darbe ile tahttan indirilmesi ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra intihar s\u00fcs\u00fc verilerek katledilmesi ile Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni Meselesi\u2019nin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti<\/p>\n

Gizemli bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m yapan hafiyelerin, \u00f6zel hayatlar\u0131nda muhtelif i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, esnaf, memur, asker gibi meslekleri icra ederken ayn\u0131 zamanda te\u015fkil\u00e2ta bilgi toplad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece Hafiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devlet \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir taraf\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. Beyhan, baz\u0131 kimselerin menfaat i\u00e7in hafiyelik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkenin her yerinden \u00e7e\u015fitli meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011finde rapor ve jurnal verebildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ali Beyhan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra 1908 Temmuz sonlar\u0131nda bir kararname ile Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n la\u011fvedildi\u011fi biliniyor. Prof. Dr. Beyhan, II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in tahttan indirilmesinden sonra \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanan Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019nda ke\u015ffedilen saray ar\u015fivinin nas\u0131l imha edildi\u011fini anlatt\u0131: \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019ndaki evrak, alb\u00fcm ve kitaplar, 31 Mart Askeri darbesi sonras\u0131nda bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Merkez Yerle\u015fkesi olan Harbiye Nezareti\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bir heyet olu\u015fturuldu, jurnal metinleri al\u0131konuldu. Di\u011fer belgeler, Hazine-i Evrak\u2019a yani ar\u015five g\u00f6nderildi. 1909\u2019dan 1914\u2019e kadar jurnallere ili\u015fkin belgeler Harbiye Nezareti\u2019nde kald\u0131. Enver Pa\u015fa, 4 Ocak 1914 tarihinde Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 olunca, bu jurnallerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Sebebi de \u015fuydu; \u0130ttihat ve Terakki mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u015fahsiyetlerinin de pek \u00e7ok jurnali vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ne\u015fredilmesi arzu edilmedi ve yak\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d Enver Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir devam\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. Beyhan, \u201cTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa asker\u00ee ama\u00e7larla kurulmu\u015ftu ve bu do\u011frultuda faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u201d diyerek konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli kaynaklardan olan hafiyeler ve jurnaller, gizemli yap\u0131lar\u0131 itibariyle \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yere sahip. \u00d6zellikle II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminin tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan hafiyeler ve jurnaller ile ilgili, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ali Beyhan de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":8188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8187"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8187\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iletim.istanbul.edu.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}